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Flexible software for modeling polymeric film production by use of blown extrusion has been developed. It consists of library of mathematical models for extrusion and forming blown film, sub-system for changeover to new type of film and sub-system for investigation of extrusion and forming for film quality control under film production. The sub-system for changeover allows to choose the equipment of extrusion line on technical and economic indices, to synthesize 3D model of the line and to generate regulation ranges of regime parameters for given type of film. The sub-system for investigation allows to calculate temperature profiles of heating and cooling material, geometrical and optical characteristics of film depending on regime parameters for stages of extrusion and forming and to evaluate regime parameters ensuring given quality of polymeric film.

In this paper we propose a mathematical model of cancer tumour occurrence in a quasi twodimensional epithelial tissue. Basic model of the epithelium growth describes the appearance of intensive movement and growth of tissue when it is damaged. The model includes the effects of division of cells and intercalation. It is assumed that the movement of cells is caused by the wave of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which in turn activated by the chemo-mechanical signal propagating along tissue due to its local damage. In this paper it is assumed that cancer cells arise from local failure of spatial synchronization of circadian rhythms. The study of the evolutionary dynamics of the model could determine the chemo-physical properties of a tumour, and spatial relationship between the occurrence of cancer cells and development of the entire tissue parameters coordinating its evolution through the exchange of chemical and mechanical signals.

Metal hydrides are an interesting class of chemical compounds that can reversibly bind a large amount of hydrogen and are, therefore, of interest for energy applications. Understanding the factors affecting the kinetics of hydride formation and decomposition is especially important. Features of the material, experimental setup and conditions affect the mathematical description of the processes, which can undergo significant changes during the processing of experimental data. The article proposes a general approach to numerical modeling of the formation and decomposition of metal hydrides and solving inverse problems of estimating material parameters from measurement data. The models are divided into two classes: diffusive ones, that take into account the gradient of hydrogen concentration in the metal lattice, and models with fast diffusion. The former are more complex and take the form of non-classical boundary value problems of parabolic type. A rather general approach to the grid solution of such problems is described. The second ones are solved relatively simply, but can change greatly when model assumptions change. Our experience in processing experimental data shows that a flexible software tool is needed; a tool that allows, on the one hand, building models from standard blocks, freely changing them if necessary, and, on the other hand, avoiding the implementation of routine algorithms. It also should be adapted for high-performance systems of different paradigms. These conditions are satisfied by the HIMICOS library presented in the paper, which has been tested on a large number of experimental data. It allows simulating the kinetics of formation and decomposition of metal hydrides, as well as related tasks, at three levels of abstraction. At the low level, the user defines the interface procedures, such as calculating the time layer based on the previous layer or the entire history, calculating the observed value and the independent variable from the task variables, comparing the curve with the reference. Special algorithms can be used for solving quite general parabolic-type boundary value problems with free boundaries and with various quasilinear (i.e., linear with respect to the derivative only) boundary conditions, as well as calculating the distance between the curves in different metric spaces and with different normalization. This is the middle level of abstraction. At the high level, it is enough to choose a ready tested model for a particular material and modify it in relation to the experimental conditions.

Mathematicity of physics is surprising, but it enables us to understand the laws of nature through the analysis of mathematical structures describing it. This concerns, however, only physics. The degree of the mathematization of biology is low, and attempts to mathematize it are limited to the application of mathematical methods used for the description of physical systems. When doing so, we are likely to commit an error of attributing to biological systems features that they do not have. Some argue that biology does need new mathematical methods conforming to its needs, and not known from physics. However, because of a specific complexity of biological systems, we should speak of their algorithmicity, rather than of their mathematicity. As an example of algorithmic approach one can indicate so called individual-based models used in ecology to describe population dynamics or fractal models applied to describe geometrical complexity of such biological structures as trees.

Our purpose is to study the spatio-temporal population wave behavior observed in the predator-prey system. It is assumed that predators move both directionally and randomly, and prey spread only diffusely. The model does not take into account demographic processes in the predator population; it’s total number is constant and is a parameter. The variables of the model are the prey and predator densities and the predator speed, which are connected by a system of three reaction – diffusion – advection equations. The system is considered on an annular range, that is the periodic conditions are set at the boundaries of the interval. We have studied the bifurcations of wave modes arising in the system when two parameters are changed — the total number of predators and their taxis acceleration coefficient.

The main research method is a numerical analysis. The spatial approximation of the problem in partial derivatives is performed by the finite difference method. Integration of the obtained system of ordinary differential equations in time is carried out by the Runge –Kutta method. The construction of the Poincare map, calculation of Lyapunov exponents, and Fourier analysis are used for a qualitative analysis of dynamic regimes.

It is shown that, population waves can arise as a result of existence of directional movement of predators. The population dynamics in the system changes qualitatively as the total predator number increases. А stationary homogeneous regime is stable at low value of parameter, then it is replaced by self-oscillations in the form of traveling waves. The waveform becomes more complicated as the bifurcation parameter increases; its complexity occurs due to an increase in the number of temporal vibrational modes. A large taxis acceleration coefficient leads to the possibility of a transition from multi-frequency to chaotic and hyperchaotic population waves. A stationary regime without preys becomes stable with a large number of predators.

The article is devoted to the construction and investigation of an averaged mathematical model of an aluminum-cobalt-molybdenum hydrocracking catalyst oxidative regeneration. The oxidative regeneration is an effective means of restoring the activity of the catalyst when its granules are coating with coke scurf.

The mathematical model of this process is a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations, which includes kinetic equations for reagents’ concentrations and equations for changes in the temperature of the catalyst granule and the reaction mixture as a result of isothermal reactions and heat transfer between the gas and the catalyst layer. Due to the heterogeneity of the oxidative regeneration process, some of the equations differ from the standard kinetic ones and are based on empirical data. The article discusses the scheme of chemical interaction in the regeneration process, which the material balance equations are compiled on the basis of. It reflects the direct interaction of coke and oxygen, taking into account the degree of coverage of the coke granule with carbon-hydrogen and carbon-oxygen complexes, the release of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide during combustion, as well as the release of oxygen and hydrogen inside the catalyst granule. The change of the radius and, consequently, the surface area of coke pellets is taken into account. The adequacy of the developed averaged model is confirmed by an analysis of the dynamics of the concentrations of substances and temperature.

The article presents a numerical experiment for a mathematical model of oxidative regeneration of an aluminum-cobalt-molybdenum hydrocracking catalyst. The experiment was carried out using the Kutta–Merson method. This method belongs to the methods of the Runge–Kutta family, but is designed to solve stiff systems of ordinary differential equations. The results of a computational experiment are visualized.

The paper presents the dynamics of the concentrations of substances involved in the oxidative regeneration process. A conclusion on the adequacy of the constructed mathematical model is drawn on the basis of the correspondence of the obtained results to physicochemical laws. The heating of the catalyst granule and the release of carbon monoxide with a change in the radius of the granule for various degrees of initial coking are analyzed. There are a description of the results.

In conclusion, the main results and examples of problems which can be solved using the developed mathematical model are noted.

In this paper, compared fundamentally different turbulence models for calculating a strongly swirling flow in an abrupt expanding pipe. This task is not only of great importance in practice, but also in theoretical terms. Because in such a flow a very complex anisotropic turbulence with recirculation zones arises and the study of the ongoing processes allows us to find an answer to many questions about turbulence. The flow under consideration has been well studied experimentally. Therefore, it is a very complex and interesting test problem for turbulence models. In the paper compared the numerical results of the one-parameter v_t-92 model, the SSG/LRR-RSMw2012 Reynolds stress method and the new two-fluid model. These models are very different from each other. Because the Boussinesq hypothesis is used in the one-parameter v_t-92 model, in the SSG/LRR-RSM-w2012 model, its own equation is written for each stress, and for the new two-fluid model, the basis is a completely different approach to turbulence. A feature of the approach to turbulence for the new two-fluid model is that it allows one to obtain a closed system of equations. Comparison of these models is carried out not only by the correspondence of their results with experimental data, but also by the computational resources expended on the numerical implementation of these models. Therefore, in this work, for all models, the same technique was used to numerically calculate the turbulent swirling flow at the Reynolds number $Re=3\cdot 10^4$ and the swirl parameter $S_w=0.6$. In the paper showed that the new two-fluid model is effective for the study of turbulent flows, because has good accuracy in describing complex anisotropic turbulent flows and is simple enough for numerical implementation.

The paper presents agent-based model for city formation named Technoscape which is both local and nonlocal. Technoscape can, to a certain degree, be also assumed as a model for emergence of global economy. The current version of the model implements very simple way of agents’ behavior and interaction, still the model provides rather interesting spatio-temporal patterns.

Locality and non-locality mean here the spatial features of the way the agents interact with each other and with geographical space upon which the evolution takes place. Technoscape agent is some conventional artisan, family, or а producing and trading firm, while there is no difference between production and trade. Agents are located upon and move through bounded two-dimensional space divided into square cells. The model demonstrates processes of agents’ concentration in a small set of cells, which is interpreted as «city» formation. Agents are immortal, they don’t mutate and evolve, though this is interesting perspective for the evolution of the model itself.

Technoscape provides some distinctively new type of self-organization. Partially, this type of selforganization resembles the behavior of segregation model by Thomas Shelling, still that model has evolution rules substantially different from Technoscape. In Shelling model there exist avalanches still simple equilibria exist if no new agents are added to the game board, while in Technoscape no such equilibria exist. At best, we can observe quasi-equilibrium, slowly changing global states.

One non-trivial phenomenon Technoscape exhibits, which also contrasts to Shelling segregation model, is the ability of agents to concentrate in local cells (interpreted as cities) even explicitly and totally ignoring local interactions, using non-local interactions only.

At the same time, while the agents tend to concentrate in large one-cell cities, large scale of such cities does not guarantee them from decay: there always exists a process of «enticement» of agents and their flow to new cities.

Calcium is a major nutrient regulating metabolism in a plant. Deficiency of calcium results in a growth decline of plant tissues. Ca may be lost from forest soils due to acidic atmospheric deposition and tree harvesting. Plant-available calcium compounds are in the soil cation exchange complex and soil waters. Model of soil calcium dynamics linking it with the model of soil organic matter dynamics ROMUL in forest ecosystems is developed. ROMUL describes the mineralization and humification of the fraction of fresh litter which is further transformed into complex of partially humified substance (CHS) and then to stable humus (H) in dependence on temperature, soil moisture and chemical composition of the fraction (nitrogen, lignin and ash contents, pH). Rates of decomposition and humification being coefficients in the system of ordinary differential equations are evaluated using laboratory experiments and verified on a set of field experiments. Model of soil calcium dynamics describes calcium flows between pools of soil organic matter. Outputs are plant nutrition, leaching, synthesis of secondary minerals. The model describes transformation and mineralization of forest floor in detail. Experimental data for calibration model was used from spruсe forest of Bulgaria.

We consider “predator – prey” model taking into account the competition of prey, predator for different from the prey resources, and their interaction described by the second type Holling trophic function. An analysis of the attractors is carried out depending on the coefficient of competition of predators. In the deterministic case, this model demonstrates the complex behavior associated with the local (Andronov –Hopf and saddlenode) and global (birth of a cycle from a separatrix loop) bifurcations. An important feature of this model is the disappearance of a stable cycle due to a saddle-node bifurcation. As a result of the presence of competition in both populations, parametric zones of mono- and bistability are observed. In parametric zones of bistability the system has either coexisting two equilibria or a cycle and equilibrium. Here, we investigate the geometrical arrangement of attractors and separatrices, which is the boundary of basins of attraction. Such a study is an important component in understanding of stochastic phenomena. In this model, the combination of the nonlinearity and random perturbations leads to the appearance of new phenomena with no analogues in the deterministic case, such as noise-induced transitions through the separatrix, stochastic excitability, and generation of mixed-mode oscillations. For the parametric study of these phenomena, we use the stochastic sensitivity function technique and the confidence domain method. In the bistability zones, we study the deformations of the equilibrium or oscillation regimes under stochastic perturbation. The geometric criterion for the occurrence of such qualitative changes is the intersection of confidence domains and the separatrix of the deterministic model. In the zone of monostability, we evolve the phenomena of explosive change in the size of population as well as extinction of one or both populations with minor changes in external conditions. With the help of the confidence domains method, we solve the problem of estimating the proximity of a stochastic population to dangerous boundaries, upon reaching which the coexistence of populations is destroyed and their extinction is observed.