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Under increasing loading and at a constant temperature shape memory solids become deformed in an ideal elastic plastic way as other metals, and the maximum elastic strains are much less than the ultimate plastic ones. The shape is restored at the elevated temperature and low stress level. Phenomenologically, the «reverse» deformation is equivalent to the change in shape under active loading up to sign. Plastic deformation plays a leading role in a non-elastic process; thus, the mechanical behavior should be analyzed within the ideal rigid-plastic model with two loading surfaces. In this model two physical states of the material correspond to the loading surfaces: plastic flow under high stresses and melting at a relatively low temperature. The second section poses a problem of deformation of rigid-plastic bodies at the constant temperature in two forms: as a principle of virtual velocities with the von Mises yield condition and as a requirement of the minimum dissipative functionаl. The equivalence of the accepted definitions and the existence of the generalized solutions is proved for both principles. The third section studies the rigid-plastic model of the solid at the variable temperature with two loading surfaces. For the assumed model two optimal principles are defined that link the external loads and the displacement velocities of the solid points both under active loading and in the process of shape restoration under heating. The existence of generalized velocities is proved for the wide variety of 3D domains. The connection between the variational principles and the variable temperature is ensured by inclusion of the first and second principles of thermodynamics in the calculation model. It is essential that only the phenomenological description of the phenomenon is used in the proving process. The austenite-tomartensite transformations of alloys, which are often the key elements in explanations of the mechanical behavior of shape memory materials, are not used here. The fourth section includes the definition of the shape memory materials as solids with two loading surfaces and proves the existence of solutions within the accepted restrictions. The adequacy of the model and the experiments on deformation of shape memory materials is demonstrated. In the conclusion mathematical problems that could be interesting for future research are defined.

The paper reviews the existing approaches to calculating the destruction of solids. The main attention is paid to algorithms using a unified approach to the calculation of deformation both for nondestructive and for the destroyed states of the material. The thermodynamic derivation of the unified rheological relationships taking into account the elastic, viscous and plastic properties of materials and describing the loss of the deformation resistance ability with the accumulation of microdamages is presented. It is shown that the mathematical model under consideration provides a continuous dependence of the solution on input parameters (parameters of the material medium, initial and boundary conditions, discretization parameters) with softening of the material.

Explicit and implicit non-matrix algorithms for calculating the evolution of deformation and fracture development are presented. Non-explicit schemes are implemented using iterations of the conjugate gradient method, with the calculation of each iteration exactly coinciding with the calculation of the time step for two-layer explicit schemes. So, the solution algorithms are very simple.

The results of solving typical problems of destruction of solid deformable bodies for slow (quasistatic) and fast (dynamic) deformation processes are presented. Based on the experience of calculations, recommendations are given for modeling the processes of destruction and ensuring the reliability of numerical solutions.

This article discusses the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced platinum under uniaxial tensile loading using the molecular dynamics method. A review of current computational and experimental studies on the use of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites from a structural point of view. However, quantitative and qualitative studies of CNTs to improve the properties of composites are still rare. Composite selection is a promising application for platinum alloys in many cases where they may be subjected to mechanical stress, including in biocompatibility sources. Pt-reinforced with CNTs may have additional possibilities for implantation of the implant and at the same time obtain the required mechanical characteristics.

The structure of the composite is composed of a Pt crystal with a face-centered cubic lattice with a constant of 3.92 Å and a carbon nanotube. The Pt matrix has the shape of a cube with dimensions of $43.1541 Å \times 43.1541 Å \times 43.1541 Å$. The hole size in the average platinum dimension is the radius of the carbon nanotube of the «zigzag» type (8,0), which is 2.6 Å. A carbon nanotube is placed in a hole with a radius of 4.2 Å. At such parameters, the maximum energy level was mutually observed. The model under consideration is contained in 320 atomic bombs and 5181 atomic platinum. The volume fraction of deaths in the Pt-C composite is 5.8%. At the first stage of the study, the strain rate was analyzed for stress-strain and energy change during uniaxial action on the Pt-C composite.

Analysis of the strain rate study showed that the consumption yield strength increases with high strain rate, and the elasticity has increased density with decreasing strain rate. This work also increased by 40% for Pt-C, the elasticity of the composite decreased by 42.3%. In general, fracture processes are considered in detail, including plastic deformation on an atomistic scale.