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This work presents the model of heat wall functions FlowVision (WFFV), which allows simulation of nonisothermal flows of fluid and gas near solid surfaces on relatively coarse grids with use of turbulence models. The work follows the research on the development of wall functions applicable in wide range of the values of quantity y+. Model WFFV assumes smooth profiles of the tangential component of velocity, turbulent viscosity, temperature, and turbulent heat conductivity near a solid surface. Possibility of using a simple algebraic model for calculation of variable turbulent Prandtl number is investigated in this study (the turbulent Prandtl number enters model WFFV as parameter). The results are satisfactory. The details of implementation of model WFFV in the FlowVision software are explained. In particular, the boundary condition for the energy equation used in high-Reynolds number calculations of non-isothermal flows is considered. The boundary condition is deduced for the energy equation written via thermodynamic enthalpy and via full enthalpy. The capability of the model is demonstrated on two test problems: flow of incompressible fluid past a plate and supersonic flow of gas past a plate (M = 3).

Analysis of literature shows that there exists essential ambiguity in experimental data and, as a consequence, in empirical correlations for the Stanton number (that being a dimensionless heat flux). The calculations suggest that the default values of the model parameters, automatically specified in the program, allow calculations of heat fluxes at extended solid surfaces with engineering accuracy. At the same time, it is obvious that one cannot invent universal wall functions. For this reason, the controls of model WFFV are made accessible from the FlowVision interface. When it is necessary, a user can tune the model for simulation of the required type of flow.

The proposed model of wall functions is compatible with all the turbulence models implemented in the FlowVision software: the algebraic model of Smagorinsky, the Spalart-Allmaras model, the SST $k-\omega$ model, the standard $k-\varepsilon$ model, the $k-\varepsilon$ model of Abe, Kondoh, Nagano, the quadratic $k-\varepsilon$ model, and $k-\varepsilon$ model FlowVision.

The mathematical model, finite-difference schemes and algorithms for computation of transient thermoand hydrodynamic processes involved in commissioning the unified system including the oil producing well, electrical submersible pump and fractured-porous reservoir with bottom water are developed. These models are implemented in the computer package to simulate transient processes with simultaneous visualization of their results along with computations. An important feature of the package Oil-RWP is its interaction with the special external program GCS which simulates the work of the surface electric control station and data exchange between these two programs. The package Oil-RWP sends telemetry data and current parameters of the operating submersible unit to the program module GCS (direct coupling). The station controller analyzes incoming data and generates the required control parameters for the submersible pump. These parameters are sent to Oil-RWP (feedback). Such an approach allows us to consider the developed software as the “Intellectual Well System”.

Some principal results of the simulations can be briefly presented as follows. The transient time between inaction and quasi-steady operation of the producing well depends on the well stream watering, filtration and capacitive parameters of oil reservoir, physical-chemical properties of phases and technical characteristics of the submersible unit. For the large time solution of the nonstationary equations governing the nonsteady processes is practically identical to the inverse quasi-stationary problem solution with the same initial data. The developed software package is an effective tool for analysis, forecast and optimization of the exploiting parameters of the unified oil-producing complex during its commissioning into the operating regime.

Certifying a transport airplane for the flights under icing conditions requires calculations aimed at definition of the dimensions and shapes of the ice bodies formed on the airplane surfaces. Up to date, software developed in Russia for simulation of ice accretion, which would be authorized by Russian certifying supervisory authority, is absent. This paper describes methodology IceVision recently developed in Russia on the basis of software FlowVision for calculations of ice accretion on airplane surfaces.

The main difference of methodology IceVision from the other approaches, known from literature, consists in using technology Volume Of Fluid (VOF — volume of fluid in cell) for tracking the surface of growing ice body. The methodology assumes solving a time-depended problem of continuous grows of ice body in the Euler formulation. The ice is explicitly present in the computational domain. The energy equation is integrated inside the ice body. In the other approaches, changing the ice shape is taken into account by means of modifying the aerodynamic surface and using Lagrangian mesh. In doing so, the heat transfer into ice is allowed for by an empirical model.

The implemented mathematical model provides capability to simulate formation of rime (dry) and glaze (wet) ice. It automatically identifies zones of rime and glaze ice. In a rime (dry) ice zone, the temperature of the contact surface between air and ice is calculated with account of ice sublimation and heat conduction inside the ice. In a glaze (wet) ice zone, the flow of the water film over the ice surface is allowed for. The film freezes due to evaporation and heat transfer inside the air and the ice. Methodology IceVision allows for separation of the film. For simulation of the two-phase flow of the air and droplets, a multi-speed model is used within the Euler approach. Methodology IceVision allows for size distribution of droplets. The computational algorithm takes account of essentially different time scales for the physical processes proceeding in the course of ice accretion, viz., air-droplets flow, water flow, and ice growth. Numerical solutions of validation test problems demonstrate efficiency of methodology IceVision and reliability of FlowVision results.

The paper considers the problem of stationary mixed convection and heat transfer of a viscous heatconducting fluid in a plane square lid-driven cavity. The hot top cover of the cavity has any temperature $T_\mathrm{H}$ and cold bottom wall has temperature $T_\mathrm{0} (T_\mathrm{H} > T_\mathrm{0})$, whereas in contrast the side walls are insulated. The fact that the fluid density can take arbitrary values depending on the amount of overheating of the cavity cover is a feature of the problem. The mathematical formulation includes the Navier–Stokes equations in the ’velocity–pressure’ variables and the heat balance equation which take into account the incompressibility of the fluid flow and the influence of volumetric buoyancy force. The difference approximation of the original differential equations has been performed by the control volume method. Numerical solutions of the problem have been obtained on the $501 \times 501$ grid for the following values of similarity parameters: Prandtl number Pr = 0.70; Reynolds number Re = 100 and 1000; Richardson number Ri = 0.1, 1, and 10; and the relative cover overheating $(T_\mathrm{H}-T_\mathrm{0})/T_\mathrm{0} = 0, 1, 2, 3$. Detailed flow patterns in the form of streamlines and isotherms of relative overheating of the fluid flow are given in the work. It is shown that the increase in the value of the Richardson number (the increase in the influence of buoyancy force) leads to a fundamental change in the structure of the liquid stream. It is also found out that taking into account the variability of the liquid density leads to weakening of the influence of Ri growth on the transformation of the flow structure. The change in density in a closed volume is the cause of this weakening, since it always leads to the existence of zones with negative buoyancy in the presence of a volumetric force. As a consequence, the competition of positive and negative volumetric forces leads in general to weakening of the buoyancy effect. The behaviors of heat exchange coefficient (Nusselt number) and coefficient of friction along the bottom wall of the cavity depending on the parameters of the problem are also analyzed. It is revealed that the greater the values of the Richardson number are, the greater, ceteris paribus, the influence of density variation on these coefficients is.

The physical and mathematical model of combustion of the polydisperse suspension of coal dust was developed. The formulation of the problem takes into account the evaporation of particle volatile components during the heating, the particle emitting and the gas heat transfer to a surrounding area via the sphere volume side surface, heat transfer coefficient as a function of temperature. The polydisperse of coal-dust is taken into consideration. N — the number of fraction. Fractions are subdivided into inert and reacting particles. The oxidizer mass balance equation takes into consideration the oxidizer consumption per each reaction (heterogeneous on the particle surface and homogenous in the gas). Exothermic chemical reactions in gas are determined by Arrhenius equation with second-order kinetics. The heterogeneous reaction on the particle surface was first-order reaction. The numerical simulation was solved by Runge–Kutta–Merson method. Reliability of the calculations was verified by solving the partial problems. During the numerical calculation the percentage composition of inert and reacting particles in coal-dust and their total mass were changed for each simulation. We have determined the influence of the percentage composition of inert and reacting particles on burning characteristics of polydisperse coal-dust methane-air mixture. The results showed that the percent increase of volatile components in the mixture lead to the increase of total pressure in the volume. The value of total pressure decreases with the increasing of the inert components in the mixture. It has been determined that there is the extremism radius value of coarse particles by which the maximum pressure reaches the highest value.

The work is devoted to the study of the theoretical value of destructive influence on normal tissues of an organism by infrared radiation that goes beyond the treated pathological focus. This situation is possible if the direct laser radiation on the tissues is extremely long-acting. The solution to this problem can be the uniform distribution of heat inside the volume through indirect heating of the liquid, which contributes to minimal damage to the perifocal structures. A non-stationary thermophysical model of the process of heat propagation in biological tissues is presented, allowing to carry out studies of energy transfer from internal liquid contents of Baker's cyst heated by infrared laser radiation of a given specific power through a certain thickness of its wall to surrounding biological tissues. Calculation of the spacetime temperature distribution in the cyst wall and surrounding fat tissue is carried out by the finite-difference method. The time of effective exposure to temperature on the entire thickness of the cyst wall was estimated to be 55 ° C on its outer surface. The safety procedure ensures the exposure duration of this value is not more than 10 seconds.

As a result of the calculations carried out, it is established that there are several operating modes of a surgical laser that meet all the safety requirements with a simultaneous effective procedure. Local one-sided hyperthermia of the synovial membrane and subsequent coagulation of the entire wall thickness due to heat transfer contributes to the elimination of the cavity neoplasm of the popliteal region. With a thickness of 3 mm, the heating mode is satisfactory, under which the exposure time lasts about 200 seconds, and the specific power of the laser radiation in the internal medium of the liquid contents of the Baker cyst is approximately 1.

This article is dedicated to numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in microchannels. Microchannels are channels, that characteristic diameter is about 100 μm. Interest to the study of processes in them is growing every year, due to the rapid development of microfluid technique. The study was conducted using the software package σFlow. Isothermal and nonisothermal flows in microchannels of various configurations were considered. The obtained results were compared with available experimental and analytical data. In general for all problems a good agreement was obtained.

The paper contains numerical simulation of nonisothermal nonlinear flow in a porous medium. Twodimensional unsteady problem of heavy oil, water and steam flow is considered. Oil phase consists of two pseudocomponents: light and heavy fractions, which like the water component, can vaporize. Oil exhibits viscoplastic rheology, its filtration does not obey Darcy's classical linear law. Simulation considers not only the dependence of fluids density and viscosity on temperature, but also improvement of oil rheological properties with temperature increasing.

To solve this problem numerically we use streamline method with splitting by physical processes, which consists in separating the convective heat transfer directed along filtration from thermal conductivity and gravitation. The article proposes a new approach to streamline methods application, which allows correctly simulate nonlinear flow problems with temperature-dependent rheology. The core of this algorithm is to consider the integration process as a set of quasi-equilibrium states that are results of solving system on a global grid. Between these states system solved on a streamline grid. Usage of the streamline method allows not only to accelerate calculations, but also to obtain a physically reliable solution, since integration takes place on a grid that coincides with the fluid flow direction.

In addition to the streamline method, the paper presents an algorithm for nonsmooth coefficients accounting, which arise during simulation of viscoplastic oil flow. Applying this algorithm allows keeping sufficiently large time steps and does not change the physical structure of the solution.

Obtained results are compared with known analytical solutions, as well as with the results of commercial package simulation. The analysis of convergence tests on the number of streamlines, as well as on different streamlines grids, justifies the applicability of the proposed algorithm. In addition, the reduction of calculation time in comparison with traditional methods demonstrates practical significance of the approach.

Numerical investigation of mixing non-isothermal streams of sodium coolant in a T-branch is carried out in the FlowVision CFD software. This study is aimed at argumentation of applicability of different approaches to prediction of oscillating behavior of the flow in the mixing zone and simulation of temperature pulsations. The following approaches are considered: URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokers), LES (Large Eddy Simulation) and quasi-DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation). One of the main tasks of the work is detection of the advantages and drawbacks of the aforementioned approaches.

Numerical investigation of temperature pulsations, arising in the liquid and T-branch walls from the mixing of non-isothermal streams of sodium coolant was carried out within a mathematical model assuming that the flow is turbulent, the fluid density does not depend on pressure, and that heat exchange proceeds between the coolant and T-branch walls. Model LMS designed for modeling turbulent heat transfer was used in the calculations within URANS approach. The model allows calculation of the Prandtl number distribution over the computational domain.

Preliminary study was dedicated to estimation of the influence of computational grid on the development of oscillating flow and character of temperature pulsation within the aforementioned approaches. The study resulted in formulation of criteria for grid generation for each approach.

Then, calculations of three flow regimes have been carried out. The regimes differ by the ratios of the sodium mass flow rates and temperatures at the T-branch inlets. Each regime was calculated with use of the URANS, LES and quasi-DNS approaches.

At the final stage of the work analytical comparison of numerical and experimental data was performed. Advantages and drawbacks of each approach to simulation of mixing non-isothermal streams of sodium coolant in the T-branch are revealed and formulated.

It is shown that the URANS approach predicts the mean temperature distribution with a reasonable accuracy. It requires essentially less computational and time resources compared to the LES and DNS approaches. The drawback of this approach is that it does not reproduce pulsations of velocity, pressure and temperature.

The LES and DNS approaches also predict the mean temperature with a reasonable accuracy. They provide oscillating solutions. The obtained amplitudes of the temperature pulsations exceed the experimental ones. The spectral power densities in the check points inside the sodium flow agree well with the experimental data. However, the expenses of the computational and time resources essentially exceed those for the URANS approach in the performed numerical experiments: 350 times for LES and 1500 times for ·DNS.

The viscoelastic fluid flow model across a porous medium has captivated the interest of many contemporary researchers due to its industrial and technical uses, such as food processing, paper and textile coating, packed bed reactors, the cooling effect of transpiration and the dispersion of pollutants through aquifers. This article focuses on the influence of variable viscosity and viscoelasticity on the magnetohydrodynamic oscillatory flow of second-order fluid through thermally radiating wavy walls. A mathematical model for this fluid flow, including governing equations and boundary conditions, is developed using the usual Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using non-similarity transformations. The numerical results obtained by applying finite-difference code based on the Lobatto IIIa formula generated by bvp4c solver are compared to the semi-analytical solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effect of flow parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rate, and skin friction coefficient is examined and illustrated graphically. The physical parameters governing the fluid flow profoundly affected the resultant flow profiles except in a few cases. By using the slope linear regression method, the importance of considering the viscosity variation parameter and its interaction with the Lorentz force in determining the velocity behavior of the viscoelastic fluid model is highlighted. The percentage increase in the velocity profile of the viscoelastic model has been calculated for different ranges of viscosity variation parameters. Finally, the results are validated numerically for the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number profiles.