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The work is dedicated to investigation of possibility to increase the efficiency of solving external aerodynamic problems. Methodical questions of using locally-adaptive grids and wall functions for numerical simulation of turbulent flows past flying vehicles are studied. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are integrated. The equations are closed by standard $k–\varepsilon$ turbulence model. Subsonic turbulent flow of perfect compressible viscous gas past airfoil RAE 2822 is considered. Calculations are performed in CFD software FlowVision. The efficiency of using the technology of smoothing diffusion fluxes and the Bradshaw formula for turbulent viscosity is analyzed. These techniques are regarded as means of increasing the accuracy of solving aerodynamic problems on locally-adaptive grids. The obtained results show that using the technology of smoothing diffusion fluxes essentially decreases the discrepancy between computed and experimental values of the drag coefficient. In addition, the distribution of the skin friction coefficient over the curvilinear surface of the airfoil becomes more regular. These results indicate that the given technology is an effective way to increase the accuracy of calculations on locally-adaptive grids. The Bradshaw formula for the dynamic coefficient of turbulent viscosity is traditionally used in the SST $k–\omega$ turbulence model. The possibility to implement it in the standard $k–\varepsilon$ turbulence model is investigated in the present article. The calculations show that this formula provides good agreement of integral aerodynamic characteristics and the distribution of the pressure coefficient over the airfoil surface with experimental data. Besides that, it essentially augments the accuracy of simulation of the flow in the boundary layer and in the wake. On the other hand, using the Bradshaw formula in the simulation of the air flow past airfoil RAE 2822 leads to under-prediction of the skin friction coefficient. For this reason, the conclusion is made that practical use of the Bradshaw formula requires its preliminary validation and calibration on reliable experimental data available for the considered flows. The results of the work as a whole show that using the technologies discussed in numerical solution of external aerodynamic problems on locally-adaptive grids together with wall functions provides the computational accuracy acceptable for quick assessment of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flying vehicle. So, one can deduce that the FlowVision software is an effective tool for preliminary design studies, for conceptual design, and for aerodynamic shape optimization.

Based on the modeling method using a mesh system, an algorithm is implemented for solving a unsteady problem with moving bodies The algorithm takes into account the movement and rotation of bodies according to a given law of motion. The algorithm is applied to analysis the flow around an infinite composed of cylinders with an elliptical cross-section, which either move across the flow or rotate with a change in the angle of attack. To simulate the flow of bodies with a sharp edge, characteristic of the profiles of gas turbine machines, an algorithm for constructing a mesh of type C with the inclusion of a certain area behind the profile is implemented. The program for modeling the flow near the profile is implemented within the framework of models of Euler equations, Navier – Stokes equations in the approximation of a thin layer with laminar viscosity and turbulent viscosity in the framework of an algebraic viscosity model. The program has also been adapted to solve the problems of internal gas dynamics of turbomachines. For this purpose, the method of setting the boundary conditions at the entrance and exit from the calculated area from the velocity to the pressure drop, as well as at the lateral boundaries from the free flow to the periodicity, was changed. This made it possible to simulate the flow of gas in the inter-blade channels of compressors and turbines of gas turbine engines. To refine the algorithm, a series of calculations of the aerodynamic parameters of several turbine cascades in various subsonic and supersonic modes and their comparison with the experiment were carried out. Calculations of turbine grating parameters were carried out within the framework of the inviscid and viscous gas model. The calculation and experiment were compared by the distribution of gas parameters near the profile, as well as by the energy losses of the flow in the cascade. Calculations have shown the applicability and correctness of the program to solve this class of problems. To test the program on the problems of external subsonic aerodynamics, calculations of the aerodynamic characteristics of an isolated airfoil in an undisturbed flow were performed. The results obtained allow us to assert the applicability of the hybrid grid method to various classes of problems of applied gas dynamics.

This paper describes the design of an aquatic robot moving on the surface of a fluid and driven by two internal moving masses. The body of the aquatic robot in cross section has the shape of a symmetrical airfoil with a sharp edge. In this prototype, two internal masses move in circles and are rotated by a single DC motor and a gear mechanism that transmits torque from the motor to each mass. Angular velocities of moving masses are used as a control action, and the developed kinematic scheme for transmitting rotation from the motor to the moving masses allows the rotation of two masses with equal angular velocities in magnitude, but with a different direction of rotation. It is also possible to install additional tail fins of various shapes and sizes on the body of this robot. Also in the work for this object, the equations of motion are presented, written in the form of Kirchhoff equations for the motion of a solid body in an ideal fluid, which are supplemented by terms of viscous resistance. A mathematical description of the additional forces acting on the flexible tail fin is presented. Experimental studies on the influence of various tail fins on the speed of motion in the fluid were carried out with the developed prototype of the robot. In this work, tail fins of the same shape and size were installed on the robot, while having different stiffness. The experiments were carried out in a pool with water, over which a camera was installed, on which video recordings of all the experiments were obtained. Next processing of the video recordings made it possible to obtain the object’s movements coordinates, as well as its linear and angular velocities. The paper shows the difference in the velocities developed by the robot when moving without a tail fin, as well as with tail fins having different stiffness. The comparison of the velocities developed by the robot, obtained in experimental studies, with the results of mathematical modeling of the system is given.

The article provides a development of recently published turbulence model KEFV. The submitted version of this model allows modeling transition in a separated flow. The model includes an adjustable mechanism for specifying generation of turbulence in laminar zones with high velocity gradients. The model is implemented in the FlowVision CFD software. Simulation of the air flow around low-Reynolds airfoil Eppler-387 is discussed in the article. The flow conditions are characterized by the Reynolds number Re = 200 000.