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The study of complex processes in various spheres of human activity is traditionally based on the use of mathematical models. In modern conditions, the development and application of such models is greatly simplified by the presence of high-speed computer equipment and specialized tools that allow, in fact, designing models from pre-prepared modules. Despite this, the known problems associated with ensuring the adequacy of the model, the reliability of the original data, the implementation in practice of the simulation results, the excessively large dimension of the original data, the joint application of sufficiency heterogeneous mathematical models in terms of complexity and integration of the simulated processes are becoming increasingly important. The more critical may be the external constraints imposed on the value of the optimized functional, and often unattainable within the framework of the constructed model. It is logical to assume that in order to fulfill these restrictions, a purposeful transformation of the original model is necessary, that is, the transition to a mathematical model with a deliberately improved solution. The new model will obviously have a different internal structure (a set of parameters and their interrelations), as well as other formats (areas of definition) of the source data. The possibilities of purposeful change of the initial model investigated by the authors are based on the realization of the idea of strategic reflection. The most difficult in mathematical terms practical implementation of the author's idea is the use of simulation models, for which the algorithms for finding optimal solutions have known limitations, and the study of sensitivity in most cases is very difficult. On the example of consideration of rather standard discrete- event simulation model the article presents typical methodological techniques that allow ranking variable parameters by sensitivity and, in the future, to expand the scope of definition of variable parameter to which the simulation model is most sensitive. In the transition to the “improved” model, it is also possible to simultaneously exclude parameters from it, the influence of which on the optimized functional is insignificant, and vice versa — the introduction of new parameters corresponding to real processes into the model.

This work contains a description of the results of modeling the process of maintaining the readiness of a section of the road network under strikes of with specified parameters. A one-dimensional section of road up to 40 km long with a total number of strikes up to 100 during the work of the brigade is considered. A simulation model has been developed for carrying out work to maintain it in working condition by several groups (engineering teams) that are part of the engineering and road division. A multicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicle is used to search for the points of appearance of obstacles. Life cycle schemes of the main participants of the tactical scene have been developed and an event-driven model of the tactical scene has been built. The format of the event log generated as a result of simulation modeling of the process of maintaining a road section is proposed. To visualize the process of maintaining the readiness of a road section, it is proposed to use visualization in the cyclogram format.

An XSL style has been developed for building a cyclogram based on an event log. As an algorithm for making a decision on the assignment of barriers to brigades, the simplest algorithm has been adopted, prescribing choosing the nearest barrier. A criterion describing the effectiveness of maintenance work on the site based on the assessment of the average speed of vehicles on the road section is proposed. Graphs of the dependence of the criterion value and the root-meansquare error depending on the length of the maintained section are plotted and an estimate is obtained for the maximum length of the road section maintained in a state of readiness with specified values for the selected quality indicator with specified characteristics of striking and performance of repair crews. The expediency of carrying out work to maintain readiness by several brigades that are part of the engineering and road division operating autonomously is shown.

The influence of the speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the ability to maintain the readiness of the road section is analyzed. The speed range for from 10 to 70 km/h is considered, which corresponds to the technical capabilities of multicoptertype reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles. The simulation results can be used as part of a complex simulation model of an army offensive or defensive operation and for solving the problem of optimizing the assignment of tasks to maintain the readiness of road sections to engineering and road brigades. The proposed approach may be of interest for the development of military-oriented strategy games.

The paper proposes an approach to simulation of a sport game, consisting of a discrete set of separate competitions. According to this approach, such a competition is considered as a random processes, generally — a non-Markov’s one. At first we treat the flow of the game as a Markov’s process, obtaining recursive relationship between the probabilities of achieving certain states of score in a tennis match, as well as secondary indicators of the game, such as expectation and variance of the number of serves to finish the game. Then we use a simulation system, modeling the match, to allow an arbitrary change of the probabilities of the outcomes in the competitions that compose the match. We, for instance, allow the probabilities to depend on the results of previous competitions. Therefore, this paper deals with a modification of the model, previously proposed by the authors for sports games with continuous time.

The proposed approach allows to evaluate not only the probability of the final outcome of the match, but also the probabilities of reaching each of the possible intermediate results, as well as secondary indicators of the game, such as the number of separate competitions it takes to finish the match. The paper includes a detailed description of the construction of a simulation system for a game of a tennis match. Then we consider simulating a set and the whole tennis match by analogy. We show some statements concerning fairness of tennis serving rules, understood as independence of the outcome of a competition on the right to serve first. We perform simulation of a cancelled ATP series match, obtaining its most probable intermediate and final outcomes for three different possible variants of the course of the match.

The main result of this paper is the developed method of simulation of the match, applicable not only to tennis, but also to other types of sports games with discrete time.

In the presented work, a hybrid optimal simulation model of an assembly shop in the AnyLogic environment has been developed, which allows you to select the parameters of production systems. To build a hybrid model of the investigative approach, discrete-event modeling and aggressive modeling are combined into a single model with an integrating interaction. Within the framework of this work, a mechanism for the development of a production system consisting of several participants-agents is described. An obvious agent corresponds to a class in which a set of agent parameters is specified. In the simulation model, three main groups of operations performed sequentially were taken into account, and the logic for working with rejected sets was determined. The product assembly process is a process that occurs in a multi-phase open-loop system of redundant service with waiting. There are also signs of a closed system — scrap flows for reprocessing. When creating a distribution system in the segment, it is mandatory to use control over the execution of requests in a FIFO queue. For the functional assessment of the production system, the simulation model includes several functional functions that describe the number of finished products, the average time of preparation of products, the number and percentage of rejects, the simulation result for the study, as well as functional variables in which the calculated utilization factors will be used. A series of modeling experiments were carried out in order to study the behavior of the agents of the system in terms of the overall performance indicators of the production system. During the experiment, it was found that the indicator of the average preparation time of the product is greatly influenced by such parameters as: the average speed of the set of products, the average time to complete operations. At a given limitation interval, we managed to select a set of parameters that managed to achieve the largest possible operation of the assembly line. This experiment implements the basic principle of agent-based modeling — decentralized agents make a personal contribution and affect the operation of the entire simulated system as a whole. As a result of the experiments, thanks to the selection of a large set of parameters, it was possible to achieve high performance indicators of the assembly shop, namely: to increase the productivity indicator by 60%; reduce the average assembly time of products by 38%.

Classical Chanter–Thornley model of mushroom growth has been modified and implemented in AnyLogic simulation environment by means of system dynamics, discrete-event and agent-based approaches. A numerical case study of the model is presented and the problem of optimum age at harvest, providing the maximum integral yield for all fruiting “waves” is solved.