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This article proposes a numeric method of solution of quasilinear parabolic equations, based on the flux approximation, describes the implementation of the method on a rectangular grid and presents numerical results. Unlike methods used in common practice, this method uses an approximation of flows in non-dilated template. For each iteration of the Newton method it is possible to solve a linear problem using the method of upper relaxation (SOR). Compared with the methods of flux sweeping, the considered method has greater potential for use in modern parallel computing system.

Mathematical simulation of natural convection and surface radiation in a square air enclosure having isothermal vertical walls with a local heat source of constant temperature has been carried out. Mathematical model has been formulated on the basis of the dimensionless variables such as stream function, vorticity and temperature by using the Boussinesq approximation and diathermancy of air. Distributions of streamlines and isotherms reflecting an effect of Rayleigh number $ 10^3 \leqslant Ra \leqslant 10^6 $, surface emissivity $0 \leqslant ε < 1$, ratio between the length of heat source and the size of enclosure $0.2 \leqslant l/L \leqslant 0.6$ and dimensionless time $0 \leqslant τ \leqslant 100$ on fluid flow and heat transfer have been obtained. Correlations for the average heat transfer coefficient in dependence on $Ra$, $ε$ and $l/L$ have been ascertained.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a macroscopic hydrodynamic model describing the vehicular traffic on a road junction and taking into account the distribution of traffic light phases and the existing road markings.

In this paper, we propose the unified procedure for the development and calibration of mathematical model for multilane urban road traffic flow. We use macroscopic approach, describing traffic flow with the system of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations (for traffic density and velocity). We close the resulting model with the equation of vehicle flow as a function of density, obtained empirically for each segment of road network using data from traffic detectors and vehicles’ GPS tracks. We verify the developed new model and calibration methods by using it to model segment of Moscows Ring Road.

The reentry vehicle of the transportation spacecraft that is being created by RSC Energia in regular mode makes soft landing on land surface using a parachute system and thruster devices. But in not standard situations the reentry vehicle also is capable of executing a splashdown. In that case, it becomes important to define the hydrodynamics impact on the reentry vehicle at the moment of the first contact with the surface of water and during submersion into water medium, and to study the dynamics of the vehicle behavior at more recent moments of time.

This article presents results of numerical studies of hydrodynamics forces on the conical vehicle during splashdown, done with the FlowVision software. The paper reviews the cases of the splashdown with inactive solid rocket motors on calm sea and the cases with interactions between rocket jets and the water surface. It presents data on the allocation of pressure on the vehicle in the process of the vehicle immersion into water medium and dynamics of the vehicle behavior after splashdown. The paper also shows flow structures in the area of the reentry vehicle at the different moments of time, and integral forces and moments acting on the vehicle.

For simulation process with moving interphases in the FlowVision software realized the model VOF (volume of fluid). Transfer of the phase boundary is described by the equation of volume fraction of this continuous phase in a computational cell. Transfer contact surface is described by the convection equation, and at the surface tension is taken into account by the Laplace pressure. Key features of the method is the splitting surface cells where data is entered the corresponding phase. Equations for both phases (like the equations of continuity, momentum, energy and others) in the surface cells are accounted jointly.

Calculations of radiation transport in the shockwave layer of a descent space vehicle cause essential difficulties due to complex multi-resonance dependence of the absorption macroscopic cross sections from the photon energy. The convergence of two approximate spectrum averaging methods to the results of exact pointwise spectrum calculations is investigated. The first one is the well known multigroup method, the second one is the Lebesgue averaging method belonging to methods of the reduction of calculation points by means of aggregation of spectral points which are characterized by equal absorption strength. It is shown that convergence of the Lebesgue averaging method is significantly faster than the multigroup approach as the number of groups is increased. The only 100–150 Lebesgue groups are required to achieve the accuracy of pointwise calculations even in the shock layer at upper atmosphere with sharp absorption lines. At the same time the number of calculations is reduced by more than four order. Series of calculations of the radiation distribution function in 2D shock layer around a sphere and a blunt cone were performed using the local flat layer approximation and the Lebesgue averaging method. It is shown that the shock wave radiation becomes more significant both in value of the energy flux incident on the body surface and in the rate of energy exchange with the gas-dynamic flow in the case of increasing of the vehicle’s size.

The movement of bed load along the closed conduit can lead to a loss of stability of the bed surface, when bed waves arise at the bed of the channel. Investigation of the development of bed waves is associated with the possibility of determining of the bed load nature along the bed of the periodic form. Despite the great attention of many researchers to this problem, the question of the development of bed waves remains open at the present time. This is due to the fact that in the analysis of this process many researchers use phenomenological formulas for sediment transport in their work. The results obtained in such models allow only assess qualitatly the development of bed waves. For this reason, it is of interest to carry out an analysis of the development of bed waves using the analytical model for sediment transport.

The paper proposed two-dimensional profile mathematical riverbed model, which allows to investigate the movement of sediment over a periodic bed. A feature of the mathematical model is the possibility of calculating the bed load transport according to an analytical model with the Coulomb–Prandtl rheology, which takes into account the influence of bottom surface slopes, bed normal and tangential stresses on the movement of bed material. It is shown that when the bed material moves along the bed of periodic form, the diffusion and pressure transport of bed load are multidirectional and dominant with respect to the transit flow. Influence of the effects of changes in wave shape on the contribution of transit, diffusion and pressure transport to the total sediment transport has been studied. Comparison of the received results with numerical solutions of the other authors has shown their good qualitative initiation.

Mathematical simulation of unsteady natural convection and thermal surface radiation within a rotating square enclosure was performed. The considered domain of interest had two isothermal opposite walls subjected to constant low and high temperatures, while other walls are adiabatic. The walls were diffuse and gray. The considered cavity rotated with constant angular velocity relative to the axis that was perpendicular to the cavity and crossed the cavity in the center. Mathematical model, formulated in dimensionless transformed variables “stream function – vorticity” using the Boussinesq approximation and diathermic approach for the medium, was performed numerically using the finite difference method. The vorticity dispersion equation and energy equation were solved using locally one-dimensional Samarskii scheme. The diffusive terms were approximated by central differences, while the convective terms were approximated using monotonic Samarskii scheme. The difference equations were solved by the Thomas algorithm. The approximated Poisson equation for the stream function was solved by successive over-relaxation method. Optimal value of the relaxation parameter was found on the basis of computational experiments. Radiative heat transfer was analyzed using the net-radiation method in Poljak approach. The developed computational code was tested using the grid independence analysis and experimental and numerical results for the model problem.

Numerical analysis of unsteady natural convection and thermal surface radiation within the rotating enclosure was performed for the following parameters: Ra = 10³–10⁶, Ta = 0–10⁵, Pr = 0.7, ε = 0–0.9. All distributions were obtained for the twentieth complete revolution when one can find the periodic behavior of flow and heat transfer. As a result we revealed that at low angular velocity the convective flow can intensify but the following growth of angular velocity leads to suppression of the convective flow. The radiative Nusselt number changes weakly with the Taylor number.

The paper discusses the development and application of the accounting rectangular cell fullness method with material substance, in particular, a liquid, to increase the smoothness and accuracy of a finite-difference solution of hydrodynamic problems with a complex shape of the boundary surface. Two problems of computational hydrodynamics are considered to study the possibilities of the proposed difference schemes: the spatial-twodimensional flow of a viscous fluid between two coaxial semi-cylinders and the transfer of substances between coaxial semi-cylinders. Discretization of diffusion and convection operators was performed on the basis of the integro-interpolation method, taking into account taking into account the fullness of cells and without it. It is proposed to use a difference scheme, for solving the problem of diffusion – convection at large grid Peclet numbers, that takes into account the cell population function, and a scheme on the basis of linear combination of the Upwind and Standard Leapfrog difference schemes with weight coefficients obtained by minimizing the approximation error at small Courant numbers. As a reference, an analytical solution describing the Couette – Taylor flow is used to estimate the accuracy of the numerical solution. The relative error of calculations reaches 70% in the case of the direct use of rectangular grids (stepwise approximation of the boundaries), under the same conditions using the proposed method allows to reduce the error to 6%. It is shown that the fragmentation of a rectangular grid by 2–8 times in each of the spatial directions does not lead to the same increase in the accuracy that numerical solutions have, obtained taking into account the fullness of the cells. The proposed difference schemes on the basis of linear combination of the Upwind and Standard Leapfrog difference schemes with weighting factors of 2/3 and 1/3, respectively, obtained by minimizing the order of approximation error, for the diffusion – convection problem have a lower grid viscosity and, as a corollary, more precisely, describe the behavior of the solution in the case of large grid Peclet numbers.

The review considers a wide range of phenomena and problems associated with the explosion. Detailed numerical studies revealed an interesting physical effect — the formation of discrete vortex structures directly behind the front of a shock wave propagating in dense layers of a heterogeneous atmosphere. The necessity of further investigation of such phenomena and the determination of the degree of their connection with the possible development of gas-dynamic instability is shown. The brief analysis of numerous works on the thermal explosion of meteoroids during their high-speed movement in the Earth’s atmosphere is given. Much attention is paid to the development of a numerical algorithm for calculating the simultaneous explosion of several fragments of meteoroids and the features of the development of such a gas-dynamic flow are analyzed. The work shows that earlier developed algorithms for calculating explosions can be successfully used to study explosive volcanic eruptions. The paper presents and discusses the results of such studies for both continental and underwater volcanoes with certain restrictions on the conditions of volcanic activity.

The mathematical analysis is performed and the results of analytical studies of a number of important physical phenomena characteristic of explosions of high specific energy in the ionosphere are presented. It is shown that the preliminary laboratory physical modeling of the main processes that determine these phenomena is of fundamental importance for the development of sufficiently complete and adequate theoretical and numerical models of such complex phenomena as powerful plasma disturbances in the ionosphere. Laser plasma is the closest object for such a simulation. The results of the corresponding theoretical and experimental studies are presented and their scientific and practical significance is shown. The brief review of recent years on the use of laser radiation for laboratory physical modeling of the effects of a nuclear explosion on asteroid materials is given.

As a result of the analysis performed in the review, it was possible to separate and preliminarily formulate some interesting and scientifically significant questions that must be investigated on the basis of the ideas already obtained. These are finely dispersed chemically active systems formed during the release of volcanoes; small-scale vortex structures; generation of spontaneous magnetic fields due to the development of instabilities and their role in the transformation of plasma energy during its expansion in the ionosphere. It is also important to study a possible laboratory physical simulation of the thermal explosion of bodies under the influence of highspeed plasma flow, which has only theoretical interpretations.