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A hyperbolic model of a viscous heat-conducting gas is presented, in which the Maxwell – Cattaneo approach is used to hyperbolize the equations, which provides finite wave propagation velocities. In the modified model, instead of the original Stokes and Fourier laws, their relaxation analogues were used and it is shown that when the relaxation times $\tau_\sigma^{}$ и $\tau_w^{}$ tend to The hyperbolized equations are reduced to zero to the classical Navier – Stokes system of non-hyperbolic type with infinite velocities of viscous and heat waves. It is noted that the hyperbolized system of equations of motion of a viscous heat-conducting gas considered in this paper is invariant not only with respect to the Galilean transformations, but also with respect to rotation, since the Yaumann derivative is used when differentiating the components of the viscous stress tensor in time. To integrate the equations of the model, the hybrid Godunov method (HGM) and the multidimensional nodal method of characteristics were used. The HGM is intended for the integration of hyperbolic systems in which there are equations written both in divergent form and not resulting in such (the original Godunov method is used only for systems of equations presented in divergent form). A linearized solver’s Riemann is used to calculate flow variables on the faces of adjacent cells. For divergent equations, a finitevolume approximation is applied, and for non-divergent equations, a finite-difference approximation is applied. To calculate a number of problems, we also used a non-conservative multidimensional nodal method of characteristics, which is based on splitting the original system of equations into a number of one-dimensional subsystems, for solving which a one-dimensional nodal method of characteristics was used. Using the described numerical methods, a number of one-dimensional problems on the decay of an arbitrary rupture are solved, and a two-dimensional flow of a viscous gas is calculated when a shock jump interacts with a rectangular step that is impermeable to gas.

In this paper we describe an algorithm of numerical solving of an inverse problem on a hyperbolic heat equation with additional second time derivative with a small parameter. The problem in this case is finding an initial distribution with given final distribution. This algorithm allows finding a solution to the problem for any admissible given precision. Algorithm allows evading difficulties analogous to the case of heat equation with inverted time. Furthermore, it allows finding an optimal grid size by learning on a relatively big grid size and small amount of iterations of a gradient method and later extrapolates to the required grid size using Richardson’s method. This algorithm allows finding an adequate estimate of Lipschitz constant for the gradient of the target functional. Finally, this algorithm may easily be applied to the problems with similar structure, for example in solving equations for plasma, social processes and various biological problems. The theoretical novelty of the paper consists in the developing of an optimal procedure of finding of the required grid size using Richardson extrapolations for optimization problems with inexact gradient in ill-posed problems.