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The work is devoted to the study of the influence of nonlinear processes in the boundary layer on the general nature of gas flows in microchannels of technical systems. Such a study is actually concerned with nanotechnology problems. One of the important problems in this area is the analysis of gas flows in microchannels in the case of transient and supersonic flows. The results of this analysis are important for the gas-dynamic spraying techique and for the synthesis of new nanomaterials. Due to the complexity of the implementation of full-scale experiments on micro- and nanoscale, they are most often replaced by computer simulations. The efficiency of computer simulations is achieved by both the use of new multiscale models and the combination of mesh and particle methods. In this work, we use the molecular dynamics method. It is applied to study the establishment of a gas microflow in a metal channel. Nitrogen was chosen as the gaseous medium. The metal walls of the microchannels consisted of nickel atoms. In numerical experiments, the accommodation coefficients were calculated at the boundary between the gas flow and the metal wall. The study of the microsystem in the boundary layer made it possible to form a multicomponent macroscopic model of the boundary conditions. This model was integrated into the macroscopic description of the flow based on a system of quasi-gas-dynamic equations. On the basis of such a transformed gas-dynamic model, calculations of microflow in real microsystem were carried out. The results were compared with the classical calculation of the flow, which does not take into account nonlinear processes in the boundary layer. The comparison showed the need to use the developed model of boundary conditions and its integration with the classical gas-dynamic approach.

The repressilator is the first genetic regulatory network in synthetic biology, which was artificially constructed in 2000. It is a closed network of three genetic elements $lacI$, $\lambda cI$ and $tetR$, which have a natural origin, but are not found in nature in such a combination. The promoter of each of the three genes controls the next cistron via the negative feedback, suppressing the expression of the neighboring gene. In our previous paper [Bratsun et al., 2018], we proposed a mathematical model of a delayed repressillator and studied its properties within the framework of a deterministic description. We assume that delay can be both natural, i.e. arises during the transcription / translation of genes due to the multistage nature of these processes, and artificial, i.e. specially to be introduced into the work of the regulatory network using gene engineering technologies. In this work, we apply the stochastic description of dynamic processes in a delayed repressilator, which is an important addition to deterministic analysis due to the small number of molecules involved in gene regulation. The stochastic study is carried out numerically using the Gillespie algorithm, which is modified for time delay systems. We present the description of the algorithm, its software implementation, and the results of benchmark simulations for a onegene delayed autorepressor. When studying the behavior of a repressilator, we show that a stochastic description in a number of cases gives new information about the behavior of a system, which does not reduce to deterministic dynamics even when averaged over a large number of realizations. We show that in the subcritical range of parameters, where deterministic analysis predicts the absolute stability of the system, quasi-regular oscillations may be excited due to the nonlinear interaction of noise and delay. Earlier, we have discovered within the framework of the deterministic description, that there exists a long-lived transient regime, which is represented in the phase space by a slow manifold. This mode reflects the process of long-term synchronization of protein pulsations in the work of the repressilator genes. In this work, we show that the transition to the cooperative mode of gene operation occurs a two order of magnitude faster, when the effect of the intrinsic noise is taken into account. We have obtained the probability distribution of moment when the phase trajectory leaves the slow manifold and have determined the most probable time for such a transition. The influence of the intrinsic noise of chemical reactions on the dynamic properties of the repressilator is discussed.

A two-dimensional mathematical model was developed for estimating the stresses in welded joints formed during multipass welding of multilayer steels. The basis of the model is the system of equations that includes the Lagrange variational equation of incremental plasticity theory and the variational equation of heat conduction, which expresses the principle of M. Biot. Variational-difference method was used to solve the problems of heat conductivity and calculation of the transient temperature field, and then at each time step – for the quasi-static problem of thermoplasticity. The numerical scheme is based on triangular meshes, which gives a more accuracy in describing the boundaries of structural elements as compared to rectangular grids.

The article describes the modes with the exacerbation of social and biological history. The analysis of the possible causes of the sharp acceleration of biological and social processes in certain historical periods is carried out. Using mathematical modeling shows that hyperbolic trends in social and biological evolution may be the result of transitional processes in periods of expansion of ecological niches. Accelerating biological speciation due to the fact that its earlier life change inhabitancy, making it more diverse, saturating the organic, thus creating favourable conditions for the emergence of new species. In the social history of the expansion of ecological niches associated with technological revolutions, of which the most important were: Neolithic revolution — the transition from appropriating economy to producing economy (10 thousand years ago), “urban revolution” — a shift from the Neolithic epoch to the bronze epoch (5 thousand years ago), the “axial age” — transition to the development of iron tools (2.5 thousand years ago), the industrial revolution — the transition from manual labor to machine production (200 years ago). All of these technological revolutions have been accompanied by dramatic population growth, changes in social and political spheres. So, observed in the last century, hyperbolic nature of some demographic, economic growth and other indicators of world dynamics is a consequence of the transition process, which began as a result of the industrial revolution and to prepare for the transition of the society to a new stage of its development. Singularity point of hyperbolic trend shows the end of the initial phase of the process and marks the transition to the final stage. The mathematical model describing the demographic and economic changes in the era of change is proposed. It is shown that a direct analogue of the contemporary situation in this sense is the “axial age” (since 8 century BC to the beginning of our era). The existence of this analogy allows you to see into the future by studying the past.

Comparative analysis of two models of porous medium (Dacry and Brinkman) on an example of mathematical simulation of transient natural convection in a porous vertical cylindrical cavity with heat-conducting shell of finite thickness in conditions of convective cooling from an environment has been carried out. The boundary-value problem of mathematical physics formulated in dimensionless variables such as stream function, vorticity and temperature has been solved by implicit finite difference method. The presented verification results validate used numerical approach and also confirm that the solution is not dependent on the mesh size. Features of the conjugate heat transfer problems with considered models of porous medium have been determined.

To study nonlinear effects of biological species interactions numerical-analytical approach is being developed. The approach is based on the cosymmetry theory accounting for the phenomenon of the emergence of a continuous family of solutions to differential equations where each solution can be obtained from the appropriate initial state. In problems of mathematical ecology the onset of cosymmetry is usually connected with a number of relationships between the parameters of the system. When the relationships collapse families vanish, we get a finite number of isolated solutions instead of a continuum of solutions and transient process can be long-term, dynamics taking place in a neighborhood of a family that has vanished due to cosymmetry collapse.

We consider a model for spatiotemporal competition of predators or prey with an account for directed migration, Holling type II functional response and nonlinear prey growth function permitting Alley effect. We found out the conditions on system parameters under which there is linear with respect to population densities cosymmetry. It is demonstated that cosymmetry exists for any resource function in case of heterogeneous habitat. Numerical experiment in MATLAB is applied to compute steady states and oscillatory regimes in case of spatial heterogeneity.

The dynamics of three population interactions (two predators and a prey, two prey and a predator) are considered. The onset of families of stationary distributions and limit cycle branching out of equlibria of a family that lose stability are investigated in case of homogeneous habitat. The study of the system for two prey and a predator gave a wonderful result of species coexistence. We have found out parameter regions where three families of stable solutions can be realized: coexistence of two prey in absence of a predator, stationary and oscillatory distributions of three coexisting species. Cosymmetry collapse is analyzed and long-term transient dynamics leading to solutions with the exclusion of one of prey or extinction of a predator is established in the numerical experiment.

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of medical and biological data obtained through locomotor training and testing of astronauts conducted both on Earth and during spaceflight. These experiments can be described as the astronaut’s movement on a treadmill according to a predefined regimen in various speed modes. During these modes, not only the speed is recorded but also a range of parameters, including heart rate, ground reaction force, and others, are collected. In order to analyze the dynamics of the astronaut’s condition over an extended period, it is necessary to perform a qualitative segmentation of their movement modes to independently assess the target metrics. This task becomes particularly relevant in the development of an autonomous life support system for astronauts that operates without direct supervision from Earth. The segmentation of target data is complicated by the presence of various anomalies, such as deviations from the predefined regimen, arbitrary and varying duration of mode transitions, hardware failures, and other factors. The paper includes a detailed review of several contemporary retrospective (offline) nonparametric methods for detecting multiple changepoints, which refer to sudden changes in the properties of the observed time series occurring at unknown moments. Special attention is given to algorithms and statistical measures that determine the homogeneity of the data and methods for detecting change points. The paper considers approaches based on dynamic programming and sliding window methods. The second part of the paper focuses on the numerical modeling of these methods using characteristic examples of experimental data, including both “simple” and “complex” speed profiles of movement. The analysis conducted allowed us to identify the preferred methods, which will be further evaluated on the complete dataset. Preference is given to methods that ensure the closeness of the markup to a reference one, potentially allow the detection of both boundaries of transient processes, as well as are robust relative to internal parameters.