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A new statement of Integral Geometry problem where the image of function in each point is taken as an integral with respect to measure which depends on the point is suggested. Such Measure System is named Measure Induction. It is shown that an inversion formula exists for class of measures having a unit atom in corresponding
point and limited on whole space. Previously obtained results for average on systems of measurement dissections and for weight average on graphs are generalized.

The paper considers the possibility of comparing and classifying dynamical systems based on topological data analysis. Determining the measures of interaction between the channels of dynamic systems based on the HIIA (Hankel Interaction Index Array) and PM (Participation Matrix) methods allows you to build HIIA and PM graphs and their adjacency matrices. For any linear dynamic system, an approximating directed graph can be constructed, the vertices of which correspond to the components of the state vector of the dynamic system, and the arcs correspond to the measures of mutual influence of the components of the state vector. Building a measure of distance (proximity) between graphs of different dynamic systems is important, for example, for identifying normal operation or failures of a dynamic system or a control system. To compare and classify dynamic systems, weighted directed graphs corresponding to dynamic systems are preliminarily formed with edge weights corresponding to the measures of interaction between the channels of the dynamic system. Based on the HIIA and PM methods, matrices of measures of interaction between the channels of dynamic systems are determined. The paper gives examples of the formation of weighted directed graphs for various dynamic systems and estimation of the distance between these systems based on topological data analysis. An example of the formation of a weighted directed graph for a dynamic system corresponding to the control system for the components of the angular velocity vector of an aircraft, which is considered as a rigid body with principal moments of inertia, is given. The method of topological data analysis used in this work to estimate the distance between the structures of dynamic systems is based on the formation of persistent barcodes and persistent landscape functions. Methods for comparing dynamic systems based on topological data analysis can be used in the classification of dynamic systems and control systems. The use of traditional algebraic topology for the analysis of objects does not allow obtaining a sufficient amount of information due to a decrease in the data dimension (due to the loss of geometric information). Methods of topological data analysis provide a balance between reducing the data dimension and characterizing the internal structure of an object. In this paper, topological data analysis methods are used, based on the use of Vietoris-Rips and Dowker filtering to assign a geometric dimension to each topological feature. Persistent landscape functions are used to map the persistent diagrams of the method of topological data analysis into the Hilbert space and then quantify the comparison of dynamic systems. Based on the construction of persistent landscape functions, we propose a comparison of graphs of dynamical systems and finding distances between dynamical systems. For this purpose, weighted directed graphs corresponding to dynamical systems are preliminarily formed. Examples of finding the distance between objects (dynamic systems) are given.

Efficiency of production directly depends on quality of the management of technology which, in turn, relies on the accuracy and efficiency of the processing of control and measuring information. Development of the mathematical methods of research of the system communications and regularities of functioning and creation of the mathematical models taking into account structural features of object of researches, and also writing of the software products for realization of these methods are an actual task. Practice has shown that the list of parameters that take place in the study of complex object of modern production, ranging from a few dozen to several hundred names, and the degree of influence of each factor in the initial time is not clear. Before working for the direct determination of the model in these circumstances, it is impossible — the amount of the required information may be too great, and most of the work on the collection of this information will be done in vain due to the fact that the degree of influence on the optimization of most factors of the original list would be negligible. Therefore, a necessary step in determining a model of a complex object is to work to reduce the dimension of the factor space. Most industrial plants are hierarchical group processes and mass volume production, characterized by hundreds of factors. (For an example of realization of the mathematical methods and the approbation of the constructed models data of the Moldavian steel works were taken in a basis.) To investigate the systemic linkages and patterns of functioning of such complex objects are usually chosen several informative parameters, and carried out their sampling. In this article the sequence of coercion of the initial indices of the technological process of the smelting of steel to the look suitable for creation of a mathematical model for the purpose of prediction is described. The implementations of new types became also creation of a basis for development of the system of automated management of quality of the production. In the course of weak correlation the following stages are selected: collection and the analysis of the basic data, creation of the table the correlated of the parameters, abbreviation of factor space by means of the correlative pleiads and a method of weight factors. The received results allow to optimize process of creation of the model of multiple-factor process.

Mathematical models of many natural processes are described by partial differential equations with singular solutions. Classical numerical methods for determination of approximate solution to such problems are inefficient. In the present paper a boundary value problem for vector wave equation in L-shaped domain is considered. The presence of reentrant corner of size $3\pi/2$ on the boundary of computational domain leads to the strong singularity of the solution, i.e. it does not belong to the Sobolev space $H^1$ so classical and special numerical methods have a convergence rate less than $O(h)$. Therefore in the present paper a special weighted set of vector-functions is introduced. In this set the solution of considered boundary value problem is defined as $R_ν$-generalized one.

For numerical determination of the $R_ν$-generalized solution a weighted vector finite element method is constructed. The basic difference of this method is that the basis functions contain as a factor a special weight function in a degree depending on the properties of the solution of initial problem. This allows to significantly raise a convergence speed of approximate solution to the exact one when the mesh is refined. Moreover, introduced basis functions are solenoidal, therefore the solenoidal condition for the solution is taken into account precisely, so the spurious numerical solutions are prevented.

Results of numerical experiments are presented for series of different type model problems: some of them have a solution containing only singular component and some of them have a solution containing a singular and regular components. Results of numerical experiment showed that when a finite element mesh is refined a convergence rate of the constructed weighted vector finite element method is $O(h)$, that is more than one and a half times better in comparison with special methods developed for described problem, namely singular complement method and regularization method. Another features of constructed method are algorithmic simplicity and naturalness of the solution determination that is beneficial for numerical computations.

An essential class of problems describes physical processes occurring in non-convex domains containing a corner greater than 180 degrees on the boundary. The solution in a neighborhood of a corner is singular and its finding using classical approaches entails a loss of accuracy. In the paper, we consider stationary, linearized by Picard’s iterations, Navier – Stokes equations governing the flow of a incompressible viscous fluid in the convection form in $L$-shaped domain. An $R_\nu$-generalized solution of the problem in special sets of weighted spaces is defined. A special finite element method to find an approximate $R_\nu$-generalized solution is constructed. Firstly, functions of the finite element spaces satisfy the law of conservation of mass in the strong sense, i.e. at the grid nodes. For this purpose, Scott – Vogelius element pair is used. The fulfillment of the condition of mass conservation leads to the finding more accurate, from a physical point of view, solution. Secondly, basis functions of the finite element spaces are supplemented by weight functions. The degree of the weight function, as well as the parameter $\nu$ in the definition of an $R_\nu$-generalized solution, and a radius of a neighborhood of the singularity point are free parameters of the method. A specially selected combination of them leads to an increase almost twice in the order of convergence rate of an approximate solution to the exact one in relation to the classical approaches. The convergence rate reaches the first order by the grid step in the norms of Sobolev weight spaces. Thus, numerically shown that the convergence rate does not depend on the corner value.

We study the computational properties of a parametric class of finite-volume schemes with customizable dissipative properties with splitting by physical processes into Lagrangian, Eulerian, and the final stages (the hybrid large-particle method). The method has a second-order approximation in space and time on smooth solutions. The regularization of a numerical solution at the Lagrangian stage is performed by nonlinear correction of artificial viscosity. Regardless of the grid resolution, the artificial viscosity value tends to zero outside the zone of discontinuities and extremes in the solution. At Eulerian and final stages, primitive variables (density, velocity, and total energy) are first reconstructed by an additive combination of upwind and central approximations weighted by a flux limiter. Then numerical divergent fluxes are formed from them. In this case, discrete analogs of conservation laws are performed.

The analysis of dissipative properties of the method using known viscosity and flow limiters, as well as their linear combination, is performed. The resolution of the scheme and the quality of numerical solutions are demonstrated by examples of two-dimensional benchmarks: a gas flow around the step with Mach numbers 3, 10 and 20, the double Mach reflection of a strong shock wave, and the implosion problem. The influence of the scheme viscosity of the method on the numerical reproduction of a gases interface instability is studied. It is found that a decrease of the dissipation level in the implosion problem leads to the symmetric solution destruction and formation of a chaotic instability on the contact surface.

Numerical solutions are compared with the results of other authors obtained using higher-order approximation schemes: CABARET, HLLC (Harten Lax van Leer Contact), CFLFh (CFLF hybrid scheme), JT (centered scheme with limiter by Jiang and Tadmor), PPM (Piecewise Parabolic Method), WENO5 (weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme), RKGD (Runge –Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin), hybrid weighted nonlinear schemes CCSSR-HW4 and CCSSR-HW6. The advantages of the hybrid large-particle method include extended possibilities for solving hyperbolic and mixed types of problems, a good ratio of dissipative and dispersive properties, a combination of algorithmic simplicity and high resolution in problems with complex shock-wave structure, both instability and vortex formation at interfaces.

For a non-homogeneous model transport equation with source terms, the stability analysis of a linear hybrid scheme (a combination of upwind and central approximations) is performed. Stability conditions are obtained that depend on the hybridity parameter, the source intensity factor (the product of intensity per time step), and the weight coefficient of the linear combination of source power on the lower- and upper-time layer. In a nonlinear case for the non-equilibrium by velocities and temperatures equations of gas suspension motion, the linear stability analysis was confirmed by calculation. It is established that the maximum permissible Courant number of the hybrid large-particle method of the second order of accuracy in space and time with an implicit account of friction and heat exchange between gas and particles does not depend on the intensity factor of interface interactions, the grid spacing and the relaxation times of phases (K-stability). In the traditional case of an explicit method for calculating the source terms, when a dimensionless intensity factor greater than 10, there is a catastrophic (by several orders of magnitude) decrease in the maximum permissible Courant number, in which the calculated time step becomes unacceptably small.

On the basic ratios of Riemann’s problem in the equilibrium heterogeneous medium, we obtained an asymptotically exact self-similar solution of the problem of interaction of a shock wave with a layer of gas-suspension to which converge the numerical solution of two-velocity two-temperature dynamics of gassuspension when reducing the size of dispersed particles.

The dynamics of the shock wave in gas and its interaction with a limited gas suspension layer for different sizes of dispersed particles: 0.1, 2, and 20 ìm were studied. The problem is characterized by two discontinuities decay: reflected and refracted shock waves at the left boundary of the layer, reflected rarefaction wave, and a past shock wave at the right contact edge. The influence of relaxation processes (dimensionless phase relaxation times) to the flow of a gas suspension is discussed. For small particles, the times of equalization of the velocities and temperatures of the phases are small, and the relaxation zones are sub-grid. The numerical solution at characteristic points converges with relative accuracy $O \, (10^{-4})$ to self-similar solutions.

The mathematical model based on the linear integro-differential Boltzmann equation is considered in this article. The model describes the radiation transfer in the scattering medium irradiated by a point source. The inverse problem for the transfer equation is defined. This problem consists of determining the scattering coefficient from the time-angular distribution of the radiation flux density at a given point in space. The Neumann series representation for solving the radiation transfer equation is analyzed in the study of the inverse problem. The zero member of the series describes the unscattered radiation, the first member of the series describes a single-scattered field, the remaining members of the series describe a multiple-scattered field. When calculating the approximate solution of the radiation transfer equation, the single scattering approximation is widespread to calculated an approximate solution of the equation for regions with a small optical thickness and a low level of scattering. An analytical formula is obtained for finding the scattering coefficient by using this approximation for problem with additional restrictions on the initial data. To verify the adequacy of the obtained formula the Monte Carlo weighted method for solving the transfer equation is constructed and software implemented taking into account multiple scattering in the medium and the space-time singularity of the radiation source. As applied to the problems of high-frequency acoustic sensing in the ocean, computational experiments were carried out. The application of the single scattering approximation is justified, at least, at a sensing range of about one hundred meters and the double and triple scattered fields make the main impact on the formula error. For larger regions, the single scattering approximation gives at the best only a qualitative evaluation of the medium structure, sometimes it even does not allow to determine the order of the parameters quantitative characteristics of the interaction of radiation with matter.

When person`s diseases is result of bacterial infection, various characteristics of the organism are used for observation the course of the disease. Currently, one of these indicators is dynamics of cytokine concentrations are produced, mainly by cells of the immune system. There are many types of these low molecular weight proteins in human body and many species of animals. The study of cytokines is important for the interpretation of functional disorders of the body's immune system, assessment of the severity, monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, predicting of the course and outcome of treatment. Cytokine response of the body indicating characteristics of course of disease. For research regularities of such indication, experiments were conducted on laboratory mice. Experimental data are analyzed on the development of pneumonia and treatment with several drugs for bacterial infection of mice. As drugs used immunomodulatory drugs “Roncoleukin”, “Leikinferon” and “Tinrostim”. The data are presented by two types cytokines` concentration in lung tissue and animal blood. Multy-sided statistical ana non statistical analysis of the data allowed us to find common patterns of changes in the “cytokine profile” of the body and to link them with the properties of therapeutic preparations. The studies cytokine “Interleukin-10” (IL-10) and “Interferon Gamma” (IFN$\gamma$) in infected mice deviate from the normal level of infact animals indicating the development of the disease. Changes in cytokine concentrations in groups of treated mice are compared with those in a group of healthy (not infected) mice and a group of infected untreated mice. The comparison is made for groups of individuals, since the concentrations of cytokines are individual and differ significantly in different individuals. Under these conditions, only groups of individuals can indicate the regularities of the processes of the course of the disease. These groups of mice were being observed for two weeks. The dynamics of cytokine concentrations indicates characteristics of the disease course and efficiency of used therapeutic drugs. The effect of a medicinal product on organisms is monitored by the location of these groups of individuals in the space of cytokine concentrations. The Hausdorff distance between the sets of vectors of cytokine concentrations of individuals is used in this space. This is based on the Euclidean distance between the elements of these sets. It was found that the drug “Roncoleukin” and “Leukinferon” have a generally similar and different from the drug “Tinrostim” effect on the course of the disease.