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A model of forest insect population dynamics used to simulate of “forest-insect” interactions and for estimation of possible damages of forest stand by pests. This model represented a population as control system where the input variables characterized the influence of modifier (climatic) factors and the feedback loop describes the effect of regulatory factors (parasites, predators and population interactions). The technique of stress testing on the basis of population dynamics model proposed for assessment of the risks of forest stand damage and destruction after insect impact. The dangerous forest pest pine looper Bupalus piniarius L. considered as the object of analysis. Computer experiments were conducted to assess of outbreak risks with possible climate change in the territory of Central Siberia. Model experiments have shown that risk of insect impact on the forest is not increased significantly in condition of sufficiently moderate warming (not more than 4 °C in summer period). However, a stronger warming in the territory of Central Siberia, combined with a dry summer condition could cause a significant increase in the risk of pine looper outbreaks.

In various applications, i. e., astronomical imaging, electron microscopy, and tomography, images are often damaged by Poisson noise. At the same time, the thermal motion leads to Gaussian noise. Therefore, in such applications, the image is usually corrupted by mixed Poisson – Gaussian noise.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for recovering images corrupted by mixed Poisson – Gaussian noise. In the proposed method, we develop a total variation-based model connected with the nonconvex function and the total generalized variation regularization, which overcomes the staircase artifacts and maintains neat edges.

Numerically, we employ the primal-dual method combined with the classical iteratively reweighted $l_1$ algorithm to solve our minimization problem. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model and algorithm for mixed Poisson – Gaussian removal to state-of-the-art numerical methods.

Currently, earthquake-resistant design of buildings based on the power calculation and presentation of effect of the earthquake static equivalent forces, which are calculated using elastic response spectra (linear-spectral method) that connects the law of motion of the soil with the absolute acceleration of the model in a nonlinear oscillator.

This approach does not directly take into account either the influence of the duration of strong motion or the plastic behavior of the structure. Frequency content and duration of ground vibrations directly affect the energy received by the building and causing damage to its elements. Unlike power or kinematic calculation of the seismic effect on the structure can be interpreted without considering separately the forces and displacements and to provide, as the product of both variables, i.e., the work or input energy (maximum energy that can be purchased building to the earthquake).

With the energy approach of seismic design, it is necessary to evaluate the input seismic energy in the structure and its distribution among various structural components.

The article provides substantiation of the energy approach in the design of earthquake-resistant buildings and structures instead of the currently used method based on the power calculation and presentation of effect of the earthquake static equivalent forces, which are calculated using spectra of the reaction.

Noted that interest in the use of energy concepts in earthquake-resistant design began with the works of Housner, which provided the seismic force in the form of the input seismic energy, using the range of speeds, and suggested that the damage in elastic-plastic system and elastic system causes one and the same input seismic energy.

The indices of the determination of the input energy of the earthquake, proposed by various authors, are given in this paper. It is shown that modern approaches to ensuring seismic stability of structures, based on the representation of the earthquake effect as a static equivalent force, do not adequately describe the behavior of the system during an earthquake.

In this paper, based on quantitative estimates of seismic risk analyzes developed in the NRU MSUCE Standard Organization (STO) “Seismic resistance structures. The main design provisions”. In the developed document a step forward with respect to the optimal design of earthquake-resistant structures.

The proposed concept of using the achievements of modern methods of calculation of buildings and structures on seismic effects, which are harmonized with the Eurocodes and are not contrary to the system of national regulations.

The paper reviews the existing approaches to calculating the destruction of solids. The main attention is paid to algorithms using a unified approach to the calculation of deformation both for nondestructive and for the destroyed states of the material. The thermodynamic derivation of the unified rheological relationships taking into account the elastic, viscous and plastic properties of materials and describing the loss of the deformation resistance ability with the accumulation of microdamages is presented. It is shown that the mathematical model under consideration provides a continuous dependence of the solution on input parameters (parameters of the material medium, initial and boundary conditions, discretization parameters) with softening of the material.

Explicit and implicit non-matrix algorithms for calculating the evolution of deformation and fracture development are presented. Non-explicit schemes are implemented using iterations of the conjugate gradient method, with the calculation of each iteration exactly coinciding with the calculation of the time step for two-layer explicit schemes. So, the solution algorithms are very simple.

The results of solving typical problems of destruction of solid deformable bodies for slow (quasistatic) and fast (dynamic) deformation processes are presented. Based on the experience of calculations, recommendations are given for modeling the processes of destruction and ensuring the reliability of numerical solutions.

The paper discusses the possibility of modeling the strength anisotropy of layered elastic medium using a scalar damage parameter. Thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations are formulated. Using SIMULIA / Abaqus we numerically simulated the stretching and compression of the samples. The results of calculation using the proposed model are compared with the known experimental data from the literature and the predictions of traditional models.

We propose a three-component discrete-time model of the phytoplankton-zooplankton community, in which toxic and non-toxic species of phytoplankton compete for resources. The use of the Holling functional response of type II allows us to describe an interaction between zooplankton and phytoplankton. With the Ricker competition model, we describe the restriction of phytoplankton biomass growth by the availability of external resources (mineral nutrition, oxygen, light, etc.). Many phytoplankton species, including diatom algae, are known not to release toxins if they are not damaged. Zooplankton pressure on phytoplankton decreases in the presence of toxic substances. For example, Copepods are selective in their food choices and avoid consuming toxin-producing phytoplankton. Therefore, in our model, zooplankton (predator) consumes only non-toxic phytoplankton species being prey, and toxic species phytoplankton only competes with non-toxic for resources.

We study analytically and numerically the proposed model. Dynamic mode maps allow us to investigate stability domains of fixed points, bifurcations, and the evolution of the community. Stability loss of fixed points is shown to occur only through a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations. The Neimark – Sacker scenario leading to the appearance of quasiperiodic oscillations is found to realize as well. Changes in intrapopulation parameters of phytoplankton or zooplankton can lead to abrupt transitions from regular to quasi-periodic dynamics (according to the Neimark – Sacker scenario) and further to cycles with a short period or even stationary dynamics. In the multistability areas, an initial condition variation with the unchanged values of all model parameters can shift the current dynamic mode or/and community composition.

The proposed discrete-time model of community is quite simple and reveals dynamics of interacting species that coincide with features of experimental dynamics. In particular, the system shows behavior like in prey-predator models without evolution: the predator fluctuations lag behind those of prey by about a quarter of the period. Considering the phytoplankton genetic heterogeneity, in the simplest case of two genetically different forms: toxic and non-toxic ones, allows the model to demonstrate both long-period antiphase oscillations of predator and prey and cryptic cycles. During the cryptic cycle, the prey density remains almost constant with fluctuating predators, which corresponds to the influence of rapid evolution masking the trophic interaction.

The work is devoted to the study of the theoretical value of destructive influence on normal tissues of an organism by infrared radiation that goes beyond the treated pathological focus. This situation is possible if the direct laser radiation on the tissues is extremely long-acting. The solution to this problem can be the uniform distribution of heat inside the volume through indirect heating of the liquid, which contributes to minimal damage to the perifocal structures. A non-stationary thermophysical model of the process of heat propagation in biological tissues is presented, allowing to carry out studies of energy transfer from internal liquid contents of Baker's cyst heated by infrared laser radiation of a given specific power through a certain thickness of its wall to surrounding biological tissues. Calculation of the spacetime temperature distribution in the cyst wall and surrounding fat tissue is carried out by the finite-difference method. The time of effective exposure to temperature on the entire thickness of the cyst wall was estimated to be 55 ° C on its outer surface. The safety procedure ensures the exposure duration of this value is not more than 10 seconds.

As a result of the calculations carried out, it is established that there are several operating modes of a surgical laser that meet all the safety requirements with a simultaneous effective procedure. Local one-sided hyperthermia of the synovial membrane and subsequent coagulation of the entire wall thickness due to heat transfer contributes to the elimination of the cavity neoplasm of the popliteal region. With a thickness of 3 mm, the heating mode is satisfactory, under which the exposure time lasts about 200 seconds, and the specific power of the laser radiation in the internal medium of the liquid contents of the Baker cyst is approximately 1.

The review is based on some of the authors ’early works of particular scientific, methodological and practical interest and the greatest attention is paid to recent works, where quite detailed numerical studies of not only single, but also double and multiple explosions in a wide range of heights and environmental conditions have been performed . Since the shock wave of a powerful explosion is one of the main damaging factors in the lower atmosphere, the review focuses on both the physical analysis of their propagation and their interaction. Using the three-dimensional algorithms developed by the authors, the effects of interference and diffraction of several shock waves, which are interesting from a physical point of view, in the absence and presence of an underlying surface of various structures are considered. Quantitative characteristics are determined in the region of their maximum values, which is of known practical interest. For explosions in a dense atmosphere, some new analytical solutions based on the small perturbation method have been found that are convenient for approximate calculations. For a number of conditions, the possibility of using the self-similar properties of equations of the first and second kind to solve problems on the development of an explosion has been shown.

Based on numerical analysis, a fundamental change in the structure of the development of the perturbed region with a change in the height of the explosion in the range of 100–120 km is shown. At altitudes of more than 120 km, the geomagnetic field begins to influence the development of the explosion; therefore, even for a single explosion, the picture of the plasma flow after a few seconds becomes substantially three-dimensional. For the calculation of explosions at altitudes of 120–1000 km under the guidance of academician A. Kholodov. A special three-dimensional numerical algorithm based on the MHD approximation was developed. Numerous calculations were performed and for the first time a quite detailed picture of the three-dimensional flow of the explosion plasma was obtained with the formation of an upward jet in 5–10 s directed in the meridional plane approximately along the geomagnetic field. After some modification, this algorithm was used to calculate double explosions in the ionosphere, spaced a certain distance. The interaction between them was carried out both by plasma flows and through a geomagnetic field. Some results are given in this review and are described in detail in the original articles.

The article gives the example of finite-element modeling of the structural element is a flexible woven composites. The reinforcing cloth is a plain weave of threads of assembled harness. Threads are represented by elastic material. The matrix of the material is a soft polymer with the possibility of irreversible deformations. Taken into account the possibility of the occurrence of damage in the structure of the material under high loads. Built detailed diagram of deformation under uniaxial tension. The accuracy of the model is conrmed by in situ experiments.

In case of vessel wall damage or contact of blood plasma with a foreign surface, the chain of chemical reactions called coagulation cascade is launched that leading to the formation of a fibrin clot. A key enzyme of the coagulation cascade is thrombin, which catalyzes formation of fibrin from fibrinogen. The distribution of thrombin concentration in blood plasma determines spatio-temporal dynamics of clot formation. Contact pathway of blood coagulation triggers the production of thrombin in response to the contact with a negatively charged surface. If the concentration of thrombin generated at this stage is large enough, further production of thrombin takes place due to positive feedback loops of the coagulation cascade. As a result, thrombin propagates in plasma cleaving fibrinogen that results in the clot formation. The concentration profile and the speed of propagation of thrombin are constant and do not depend on the type of the initial activator.

Such behavior of the coagulation system is well described by the traveling wave solutions in a system of “reaction – diffusion” equations on the concentration of blood factors involved in the coagulation cascade. In this study, we carried out detailed analysis of the mathematical model describing the main reaction of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade.We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of the traveling wave solutions. For the considered model the existence of such solutions is equivalent to the existence of the wave solutions in the simplified one-equation model describing the dynamics of thrombin concentration derived under the quasi-stationary approximation.

Simplified model also allows us to obtain analytical estimate of the thrombin propagation rate in the considered model. The speed of the traveling wave for one equation is estimated using the narrow reaction zone method and piecewise linear approximation. The resulting formulas give a good approximation of the velocity of propagation of thrombin in the simplified, as well as in the original model.