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The question on improvement of quality of images obtained in a tomography problem is considered. The problem consists in finding of boundaries of inhomogeneities (inclusions) in a continuous medium by results of X-ray radiography of this medium. A nonlinear integral transformation of a special kind is proposed which allows to improve quality of images obtained earlier at a set of papers. The method is realized numerically by the use of computer modelling. Some calculations are carried out with use of data for concrete materials. The results obtained are presented by drawings and graphic images.

The goal of this work is to generalize second order mathematical models for automotive flow using algorithm for building state equation — the dependency of pressure on traffic density — which is adequate with regard to real world data. The form of state equation, which closes the system of model equations, is obtained from experimental form of fundamental diagram — the dependency of traffic flow intensity on its density, and completely defines all properties of any phenomenological model. The proposed approach was verified using numerical experiments on typical traffic data, obtained from PeMS system (http://pems.dot.ca.gov/), using segment of I-507 highway in California, USA as model system.

Road network infrastructure is the basis of any urban area. This article compares the structural characteristics (meshedness coefficient, clustering coefficient) road networks of Moscow center (Old Moscow), formed as a result of self-organization and roads near Leninsky Prospekt (postwar Moscow), which was result of cetralized planning. Data for the construction of road networks in the form of graphs taken from the Internet resource OpenStreetMap, allowing to accurately identify the coordinates of the intersections. According to the characteristics of the calculated Moscow road networks areas the cities with road network which have a similar structure to the two Moscow areas was found in foreign publications. Using the dual representation of road networks of centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg, studied the information and cognitive features of navigation in these tourist areas of the two capitals. In the construction of the dual graph of the studied areas were not taken into account the different types of roads (unidirectional or bi-directional traffic, etc), that is built dual graphs are undirected. Since the road network in the dual representation are described by a power law distribution of vertices on the number of edges (scale-free networks), exponents of these distributions were calculated. It is shown that the information complexity of the dual graph of the center of Moscow exceeds the cognitive threshold 8.1 bits, and the same feature for the center of St. Petersburg below this threshold, because the center of St. Petersburg road network was created on the basis of planning and therefore more easy to navigate. In conclusion, using the methods of statistical mechanics (the method of calculating the partition functions) for the road network of some Russian cities the Gibbs entropy were calculated. It was found that with the road network size increasing their entropy decreases. We discuss the problem of studying the evolution of urban infrastructure networks of different nature (public transport, supply , communication networks, etc.), which allow us to more deeply explore and understand the fundamental laws of urbanization.

The results of verification carried out for investigations of hydrodynamic effect on reentry conicalsegmental space vehicle are presented in the paper. The program complex Flow Vision is used for this analysis. The purpose of the study is verification of using Flow Vision program complex for problem solving mentioned above on the base of comparison between calculated and experimental data, obtained on the Apollo landing models and new development reentry spacecraft of manned transporting spaceship designed by RSC Energia. The comparison was carried out through the data of pressure values on spacecraft model surfaces during its water landing and inertia center motion parameters.

The results of study show good agreement between experimental and calculated data of force effects on vehicle construction during water landing and its motion parameters in the water medium. Computer simulation sufficiently well reproduces influence of initial velocities & water entry angles variations on water landing process.

Using of computer simulation provides simultaneous acquisition of all data information needed for investigation of water landing peculiarities during construction design, notably, hydrodynamic effects for structural strength calculations, parameters and dynamics of center mass motion and vehicle revolution around center mass for estimation water landing conditions, as well as vehicle stability after landing.

Obtained results confirm suitability of using Flow Vision program complex for water landing vehicle investigations and investigations of influence of different landing regimes through wide initial condition change range, that permits considerably decrease extent of expensive experimental tests and realize landing conditions which are sufficiently complicated for realizing in model physical experiments.

The paper develops a new mathematical method of the joint signal and noise parameters determination at the Rice statistical distribution by method of moments based upon the analysis of data for the 1-st and the 3-rd raw moments of the random rician value. The explicit equations’ system have been obtained for required parameters of the signal and noise. In the limiting case of the small value of the signal-to-noise ratio the analytical formulas have been derived that allow calculating the required parameters without the necessity of solving the equations numerically. The technique having been elaborated in the paper ensures an efficient separation of the informative and noise components of the data to be analyzed without any a-priori restrictions, just based upon the processing of the results of the signal’s sampled measurements. The task is meaningful for the purposes of the rician data processing, in particular in the systems of magnetic-resonance visualization, in ultrasound visualization systems, at the optical signals’ analysis in range measuring systems, in radio location, etc. The results of the investigation have shown that the two parameter task solution of the proposed technique does not lead to the increase in demanded volume of computing resources compared with the one parameter task being solved in approximation that the second parameter of the task is known a-priori There are provided the results of the elaborated technique’s computer simulation. The results of the signal and noise parameters’ numerical calculation have confirmed the efficiency of the elaborated technique. There has been conducted the comparison of the accuracy of the sought-for parameters estimation by the technique having been developed in this paper and by the previously elaborated method of moments based upon processing the measured data for lower even moments of the signal to be analyzed.

In the last decades, the development of methods for increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction in fields with unconventional reserves containing large amounts of gas condensate is of great importance. This makes important the development of methods of mathematical modeling that realistically describe physical processes in a gas-condensate mixture in a porous medium.

In the paper, a mathematical model which describes the dynamics of the pressure, velocity and concentration of the components of a two-component two-phase mixture entering a laboratory model of plast filled with a porous substance with known physicochemical properties is considered. The mathematical model is based on a system of nonlinear spatially one-dimensional partial differential equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Laboratory experiments show that during a finite time the system stabilizes, what gives a basis to proceed to the stationary formulation of the problem.

The numerical solution of the formulated system of ordinary differential equations is realized in the Maple environment on the basis of the Runge–Kutta procedure. It is shown that the physical parameters of the gascondensate mixture, which characterize the modeled system in the stabilization regime, obtained on this basis, are in good agreement with the available experimental data. This confirms the correctness of the chosen approach and the validity of its further application and development for computer modeling of physical processes in gas-condensate mixtures in a porous medium. The paper presents a mathematical formulation of the system of partial differential equations and of respective system stationary equations, describes the numerical approach, and discusses the numerical results obtained in comparison with experimental data.

The paper studies the determination for one of the dynamic quality parameter (PDK) of railway vehicles — car body lateral acceleration — by using of computer simulation system for railway vehicles dynamic Simpack Rail. This provide the complex simulation environment with variable velocity depending on the train schedule. The rail vehicle model of typical 1520 mm gauge fright locomotive section used for simulation has been verified by means of the chair “Electric multiple unit cars and locomotives” in the Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT)). Due to this homologation the questions of model creating and verification in preprocessor are excluded in this paper. The paper gives the detail description of cartographic track modeling in situation plane, heights plane and superelevation plane based on the real operating data. The statistic parameters (moments) for the rail related track excitation and used cartographic track data of the specified track section in this simulation are given as a numeric and graphical results of reading the prepared data files. The measurement of the car body residual lateral acceleration occur under consideration of the earth gravity acceleration part like the accelerometer measurement in the real world. Finally the desired quality parameter determined by simulation is compared with the same one given by a test drive. The calculation method in both cases is based on the middle value of the absolute maximums picked up within the nonstationary realizations of this parameter. Compared results confirm that this quality factor all the first depends on the velocity and track geometry properties. The simulation of the track in this application uses the strong conformity original track data of the test ride track section. The accepted simplification in the rail vehicle model of fright electric locomotive section (body properties related to the center of gravity, small displacements between the bodies) by keeping the geometric and force law characteristics of the force elements and constraints constant allow in Simpack Rail the simulation with necessary validity of system behavior (reactions).

While modeling seismic wave propagation, it is important to take into account nontrivial topography, as this topography causes multiple complex phenomena, such as diffraction at rough surfaces, complex propagation of Rayleigh waves, and side effects caused by wave interference. The primary goal of this research is to construct a method that implements the free surface on topography, utilizing an overset curved grid for characterization, while keeping the main grid structured rectangular. For a combination of the regular and curve-linear grid, the workability of the grid characteristics method using overset grids (also known as the Chimera grid approach) is analyzed. One of the benefits of this approach is computational complexity reduction, caused by the fact that simulation in a regular, homogeneous physical area using a sparse regular rectangle grid is simpler. The simplification of the mesh building mechanism (one grid is regular, and the other can be automatically built using surface data) is a side effect. Despite its simplicity, the method we propose allows us to increase the digitalization of fractured regions and minimize the Courant number. This paper contains various comparisons of modeling results produced by the proposed method-based solver, and results produced by the well-known solver specfem2d, as well as previous modeling results for the same problems. The drawback of the method is that an interpolation error can worsen an overall model accuracy and reduce the computational schema order. Some countermeasures against it are described. For this paper, only two-dimensional models are analyzed. However, the method we propose can be applied to the three-dimensional problems with minimal adaptation required.

We present a simulation methodology for the prediction of ЃgunexpectedЃh bottlenecks, i.e., the bottlenecks that occur suddenly and unexpectedly for drivers on a highway. Such unexpected bottlenecks can be either a moving bottleneck (MB) caused by a slow moving vehicle or a motionless bottleneck caused by a stopped vehicle (SV). Based on simulations of a stochastic microscopic traffic flow model in the framework of KernerЃfs three-phase traffic theory, we show that through the use of a small share of probe vehicles (FCD) randomly distributed in traffic flow the reliable prediction of ЃgunexpectedЃh bottlenecks is possible. We have found that the time dependence of the probability of MB and SV prediction as well as the accuracy of the estimation of MB and SV location depend considerably on sequences of phase transitions from free flow (F) to synchronized flow (S) (F→S transition) and back from synchronized flow to free flow (S→F transition) as well as on speed oscillations in synchronized flow at the bottleneck. In the simulation approach, the identification of F→S and S→F transitions at an unexpected bottleneck has been made in accordance with Kerner's three-phase traffic theory. The presented simulation methodology allows us both the prediction of the unexpected bottleneck that suddenly occurs on a highway and the distinguishing of the origin of the unexpected bottleneck, i.e., whether the unexpected bottleneck has occurred due to a MB or a SV.

The work is devoted to the development of a computational algorithm of the Cartesian grid method for studying the interaction of a shock wave with moving bodies with a piecewise linear boundary. The interest in such problems is connected with direct numerical simulation of two-phase media flows. The effect of the particle shape can be important in the problem of dust layer dispersion behind a passing shock wave. Experimental data on the coefficient of aerodynamic drag of non-spherical particles are practically absent.

Mathematical model is based on the two-dimensional Euler equations, which are solved in a region with varying boundaries. The defining system of equations is integrated using an explicit scheme and the Cartesian grid method. The computational algorithm at the time integration step includes: determining the step value, calculating the dynamics of the body movement (determining the force and moment acting on the body; determining the linear and angular velocities of the body; calculating the new coordinates of the body), calculating the gas parameters. At each time step, all cells are divided into two classes – external (inside the body or intersected by its boundaries) and internal (completely filled with gas). The solution of the Euler equations is constructed only in the internal ones. The main difficulty is the calculation of the numerical flux through the edges common to the internal and external cells intersected by the moving boundaries of the bodies. To calculate this flux, we use a two-wave approximation for solving the Riemann problem and the Steger-Warming scheme. A detailed description of the numerical algorithm is presented.

The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated on the problem of lifting a cylinder with a base in the form of a circle, ellipse and rectangle behind a passing shock wave. A circular cylinder test was considered in many papers devoted to the immersed boundary methods development. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the trajectory of the cylinder center mass is carried out on the basis of comparison with the results of simulations presented in eight other works. For a cylinder with a base in the form of an ellipse and a rectangle, a satisfactory agreement was obtained on the dynamics of its movement and rotation in comparison with the available few literary sources. Grid convergence of the results is investigated for the rectangle. It is shown that the relative error of mass conservation law fulfillment decreases with a linear rate.