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Recently, saddle point problems have received much attention due to their powerful modeling capability for a lot of problems from diverse domains. Applications of these problems occur in many applied areas, such as robust optimization, distributed optimization, game theory, and many applications in machine learning such as empirical risk minimization and generative adversarial networks training. Therefore, many researchers have actively worked on developing numerical methods for solving saddle point problems in many different settings. This paper is devoted to developing a numerical method for solving saddle point problems in the nonconvex uniformly-concave setting. We study a general class of saddle point problems with composite structure and H\"older-continuous higher-order derivatives. To solve the problem under consideration, we propose an approach in which we reduce the problem to a combination of two auxiliary optimization problems separately for each group of variables, the outer minimization problem w.r.t. primal variables, and the inner maximization problem w.r.t the dual variables. For solving the outer minimization problem, we use the Adaptive Gradient Method, which is applicable for nonconvex problems and also works with an inexact oracle that is generated by approximately solving the inner problem. For solving the inner maximization problem, we use the Restarted Unified Acceleration Framework, which is a framework that unifies the high-order acceleration methods for minimizing a convex function that has H\"older-continuous higher-order derivatives. Separate complexity bounds are provided for the number of calls to the first-order oracles for the outer minimization problem and higher-order oracles for the inner maximization problem. Moreover, the complexity of the whole proposed approach is then estimated.

In this paper we describe an algorithm of numerical solving of an inverse problem on a hyperbolic heat equation with additional second time derivative with a small parameter. The problem in this case is finding an initial distribution with given final distribution. This algorithm allows finding a solution to the problem for any admissible given precision. Algorithm allows evading difficulties analogous to the case of heat equation with inverted time. Furthermore, it allows finding an optimal grid size by learning on a relatively big grid size and small amount of iterations of a gradient method and later extrapolates to the required grid size using Richardson’s method. This algorithm allows finding an adequate estimate of Lipschitz constant for the gradient of the target functional. Finally, this algorithm may easily be applied to the problems with similar structure, for example in solving equations for plasma, social processes and various biological problems. The theoretical novelty of the paper consists in the developing of an optimal procedure of finding of the required grid size using Richardson extrapolations for optimization problems with inexact gradient in ill-posed problems.

Conjugate gradient algorithms represent an important class of unconstrained optimization algorithms with strong local and global convergence properties and simple memory requirements. These algorithms have advantages that place them between the steep regression method and Newton’s algorithm because they require calculating the first derivatives only and do not require calculating and storing the second derivatives that Newton’s algorithm needs. They are also faster than the steep descent algorithm, meaning that they have overcome the slow convergence of this algorithm, and it does not need to calculate the Hessian matrix or any of its approximations, so it is widely used in optimization applications. This study proposes a novel method for image restoration by fusing the convex combination method with the hybrid (CG) method to create a hybrid three-term (CG) algorithm. Combining the features of both the Fletcher and Revees (FR) conjugate parameter and the hybrid Fletcher and Revees (FR), we get the search direction conjugate parameter. The search direction is the result of concatenating the gradient direction, the previous search direction, and the gradient from the previous iteration. We have shown that the new algorithm possesses the properties of global convergence and descent when using an inexact search line, relying on the standard Wolfe conditions, and using some assumptions. To guarantee the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm and processing image restoration problems. The numerical results of the new algorithm show high efficiency and accuracy in image restoration and speed of convergence when used in image restoration problems compared to Fletcher and Revees (FR) and three-term Fletcher and Revees (TTFR).

The paper is devoted to convex-concave saddle point problems where the objective is a sum of a large number of functions. Such problems attract considerable attention of the mathematical community due to the variety of applications in machine learning, including adversarial learning, adversarial attacks and robust reinforcement learning, to name a few. The individual functions in the sum usually represent losses related to examples from a data set. Additionally, the formulation admits a possibly nonsmooth composite term. Such terms often reflect regularization in machine learning problems. We assume that the dimension of one of the variable groups is relatively small (about a hundred or less), and the other one is large. This case arises, for example, when one considers the dual formulation for a minimization problem with a moderate number of constraints. The proposed approach is based on using Vaidya’s cutting plane method to minimize with respect to the outer block of variables. This optimization algorithm is especially effective when the dimension of the problem is not very large. An inexact oracle for Vaidya’s method is calculated via an approximate solution of the inner maximization problem, which is solved by the accelerated variance reduced algorithm Katyusha. Thus, we leverage the structure of the problem to achieve fast convergence. Separate complexity bounds for gradients of different components with respect to different variables are obtained in the study. The proposed approach is imposing very mild assumptions about the objective. In particular, neither strong convexity nor smoothness is required with respect to the low-dimensional variable group. The number of steps of the proposed algorithm as well as the arithmetic complexity of each step explicitly depend on the dimensionality of the outer variable, hence the assumption that it is relatively small.

In this paper, we develop a new first-order method for composite nonconvex minimization problems with simple constraints and inexact oracle. The objective function is given as a sum of «hard», possibly nonconvex part, and «simple» convex part. Informally speaking, oracle inexactness means that, for the «hard» part, at any point we can approximately calculate the value of the function and construct a quadratic function, which approximately bounds this function from above. We give several examples of such inexactness: smooth nonconvex functions with inexact H¨older-continuous gradient, functions given by the auxiliary uniformly concave maximization problem, which can be solved only approximately. For the introduced class of problems, we propose a gradient-type method, which allows one to use a different proximal setup to adapt to the geometry of the feasible set, adaptively chooses controlled oracle error, allows for inexact proximal mapping. We provide a convergence rate for our method in terms of the norm of generalized gradient mapping and show that, in the case of an inexact Hölder-continuous gradient, our method is universal with respect to Hölder parameters of the problem. Finally, in a particular case, we show that the small value of the norm of generalized gradient mapping at a point means that a necessary condition of local minimum approximately holds at that point.

In this article we consider min-min type of problems or minimization by two groups of variables. In some way it is similar to classic min-max saddle point problem. Although, saddle point problems are usually more difficult in some way. Min-min problems may occur in case if some groups of variables in convex optimization have different dimensions or if these groups have different domains. Such problem structure gives us an ability to split the main task to subproblems, and allows to tackle it with mixed oracles. However existing articles on this topic cover only zeroth and first order oracles, in our work we consider high-order tensor methods to solve inner problem and fast gradient method to solve outer problem.

We assume, that outer problem is constrained to some convex compact set, and for the inner problem we consider both unconstrained case and being constrained to some convex compact set. By definition, tensor methods use high-order derivatives, so the time per single iteration of the method depends a lot on the dimensionality of the problem it solves. Therefore, we suggest, that the dimension of the inner problem variable is not greater than 1000. Additionally, we need some specific assumptions to be able to use mixed oracles. Firstly, we assume, that the objective is convex in both groups of variables and its gradient by both variables is Lipschitz continuous. Secondly, we assume the inner problem is strongly convex and its gradient is Lipschitz continuous. Also, since we are going to use tensor methods for inner problem, we need it to be p-th order Lipschitz continuous ($p > 1$). Finally, we assume strong convexity of the outer problem to be able to use fast gradient method for strongly convex functions.

We need to emphasize, that we use superfast tensor method to tackle inner subproblem in unconstrained case. And when we solve inner problem on compact set, we use accelerated high-order composite proximal method.

Additionally, in the end of the article we compare the theoretical complexity of obtained methods with regular gradient method, which solves the mentioned problem as regular convex optimization problem and doesn’t take into account its structure (Remarks 1 and 2).

The article is devoted to studying the application of convex optimization methods to solve the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation, which is ill-posed since the equation belongs to the elliptic type. The Cauchy problem is formulated as an inverse problem and is reduced to a convex optimization problem in a Hilbert space. The functional to be optimized and its gradient are calculated using the solution of boundary value problems, which, in turn, are well-posed and can be approximately solved by standard numerical methods, such as finite-difference schemes and Fourier series expansions. The convergence of the applied fast gradient method and the quality of the solution obtained in this way are experimentally investigated. The experiment shows that the accelerated gradient method — the Similar Triangle Method — converges faster than the non-accelerated method. Theorems on the computational complexity of the resulting algorithms are formulated and proved. It is found that Fourier’s series expansions are better than finite-difference schemes in terms of the speed of calculations and improve the quality of the solution obtained. An attempt was made to use restarts of the Similar Triangle Method after halving the residual of the functional. In this case, the convergence does not improve, which confirms the absence of strong convexity. The experiments show that the inaccuracy of the calculations is more adequately described by the additive concept of the noise in the first-order oracle. This factor limits the achievable quality of the solution, but the error does not accumulate. According to the results obtained, the use of accelerated gradient optimization methods can be the way to solve inverse problems effectively.