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The article discusses the emergence of chaotic attractors in the system of three ordinary differential equations arising in the theory of «reaction-diffusion» systems. The dynamics of the corresponding one- and two-dimensional maps and Lyapunov exponents of such attractors are studied. It is shown that the transition to chaos is in accordance with a non-traditional scenario of repeated birth and disappearance of chaotic regimes, which had been previously studied for one-dimensional maps with a sharp apex and a quadratic minimum. Some characteristic features of the system — zones of bistability and hyperbolicity, the crisis of chaotic attractors — are studied by means of numerical analysis.

This article is dedicated to the use of higher degree $S$-splines for solving equations of the elasticity theory. As an example we consider the solution to the equation of bending of a plate on a circle. $S$-spline is a piecewise-polynomial function. Its coefficients are defined by two conditions. The first part of the coefficients are defined by the smoothness of the spline. The rest are determined using the least-squares method. We consider class $C^4$ 7th degree $S$-splines.

We consider a model of stacked long Josephson junctions (LJJ), which consists of alternating superconducting and dielectric layers. The model takes into account the inductive and capacitive coupling between the neighbor junctions. The model is described by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with respect to the phase differences and the voltage of LJJ, with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The numerical solution of this system of equations is based on the use of standard three-point finite-difference formulae for discrete approximations in the space coordinate, and the applying the four-step Runge-Kutta method for solving the Cauchy problem obtained. Designed parallel algorithm is implemented by means of the MPI technology (Message Passing Interface). In the paper, the mathematical formulation of the problem is given, numerical scheme and a method of calculation of the current-voltage characteristics of the LJJ system are described. Two variants of parallel implementation are presented. The influence of inductive and capacitive coupling between junctions on the structure of the current-voltage characteristics is demonstrated. The results of methodical calculations with various parameters of length and number of Josephson junctions in the LJJ stack depending on the number of parallel computing nodes, are presented. The calculations have been performed on multiprocessor clusters HybriLIT and CICC of Multi-Functional Information and Computing Complex (Laboratory of Information Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna). The numerical results are discussed from the viewpoint of the effectiveness of presented approaches of the LJJ system numerical simulation in parallel. It has been shown that one of parallel algorithms provides the 9 times speedup of calculations.

In the science development an important role the scientific schools are played. This schools are the associations of researchers connected by the common problem, the ideas and the methods used for problems solution. Usually Scientific schools are formed around the leader and the uniting idea.

The several sciences schools were created around academician A. S. Kholodov during his scientific and pedagogical activity.

This review tries to present the main scientific directions in which the bright science collectives with the common frames of reference and approaches to researches were created. In the review this common base is marked out. First, this is development of the group of numerical methods for hyperbolic type systems of partial derivatives differential equations solution — grid and characteristic methods. Secondly, the description of different numerical methods in the undetermined coefficients spaces. This approach developed for all types of partial equations and for ordinary differential equations.

On the basis of A. S. Kholodov’s numerical approaches the research teams working in different subject domains are formed. The fields of interests are including mathematical modeling of the plasma dynamics, deformable solid body dynamics, some problems of biology, biophysics, medical physics and biomechanics. The new field of interest includes solving problem on graphs (such as processes of the electric power transportation, modeling of the traffic flows on a road network etc).

There is the attempt in the present review analyzed the activity of scientific schools from the moment of their origin so far, to trace the connection of A. S. Kholodov’s works with his colleagues and followers works. The complete overview of all the scientific schools created around A. S. Kholodov is impossible due to the huge amount and a variety of the scientific results.

The attempt to connect scientific schools activity with the advent of scientific and educational school in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology also becomes.

The results of the numerical investigations of pulsating detonation wave propagation using the ENO-schemes with the approximation orders from the first to the fourth inclusively are presented. The results obtained with the use of the schemes of different approximation orders demonstrate that the pattern of detonation wave propagation in acetylene-air mixture corresponds to the analytical estimates both qualitatively and quantitatively. For the hydrogen-air mixture none of the schemes concerned provides the stable detonation wave propagation. The transition from the regular mode to the marginal one with the subsequent detonation breakup is observed.

The mathematical model of the magnetic memory cell MRAM with the in-plane anisotropy axis parallel to the edge of a free ferromagnetic layer (longitudinal anisotropy) has been constructed using approximation of uniform magnetization. The model is based on the Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert equation with the injection-current term in the Sloncžewski–Berger form. The set of ordinary differential equations for magnetization dynamics in a three-layered Co/Cu/Cu valve under the control of external magnetic field and spin-polarized current has been derived in the normal coordinate form. It was shown that the set of equations has two main stationary points on the anisotropy axis at any values of field and current. The stationary analysis of them has been performed. The algebraic equations for determination of additional stationary points have been derived. It has been shown that, depending on the field and current magnitude, the set of equations can have altogether two, four, or six stationary points symmetric in pairs relatively the anisotropy axis. The bifurcation diagrams for all the points have been constructed. The classification of the corresponding phase portraits has been performed. The typical trajectories were calculated numerically using Runge–Kutta method. The regions, where stable and unstable limit cycles exist, have been determined. It was found that the unstable limit cycles exist around the main stable equilibrium point on the axis that coincides with the anisotropy one, whereas the stable cycles surround the unstable additional points of equilibrium. The area of their existence was determined numerically. The new types of dynamics, such as accidental switching and non-complete switching, have been found. The threshold values of switching current and field have been obtained analytically. The estimations of switching times have been performed numerically.

At present modern quantum technologies can get a new twist of development, which will certainly give an opportunity to obtain solutions for numerous problems that previously could not be solved in the framework of “traditional” paradigms and computational models. All mankind stands at the threshold of the so-called “second quantum revolution”, and its short-term and long-term consequences will affect virtually all spheres of life of a global society. Such directions and branches of science and technology as materials science, nanotechnology, pharmacology and biochemistry in general, modeling of chaotic dynamic processes (nuclear explosions, turbulent flows, weather and long-term climatic phenomena), etc. will be directly developed, as well as the solution of any problems, which reduce to the multiplication of matrices of large dimensions (in particular, the modeling of quantum systems). However, along with extraordinary opportunities, quantum technologies carry with them certain risks and threats, in particular, the scrapping of all information systems based on modern achievements in cryptography, which will entail almost complete destruction of secrecy, the global financial crisis due to the destruction of the banking sector and compromise of all communication channels. Even in spite of the fact that methods of so-called “post-quantum” cryptography are already being developed today, some risks still need to be realized, since not all long-term consequences can be calculated. At the same time, one should be prepared to all of the above, including by training specialists working in the field of quantum technologies and understanding all their aspects, new opportunities, risks and threats. In this connection, this article briefly describes the current state of quantum technologies, namely, quantum sensorics, information transfer using quantum protocols, a universal quantum computer (hardware), and quantum computations based on quantum algorithms (software). For all of the above, forecasts are given for the development of the impact on various areas of human civilization.

The study of the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system is one of the important contemporary issues, which is addressed in many works. In this work, several approaches to the mathematical modelling of the blood flow are considered. They are based on the spatial order reduction and/or use a steady-state approach. Attention is paid to the discussion of the assumptions and suggestions, which are limiting the scope of such models. Some typical mathematical formulations are considered together with the brief review of their numerical implementation. In the first part, we discuss the models, which are based on the full spatial order reduction and/or use a steady-state approach. One of the most popular approaches exploits the analogy between the flow of the viscous fluid in the elastic tubes and the current in the electrical circuit. Such models can be used as an individual tool. They also used for the formulation of the boundary conditions in the models using one dimensional (1D) and three dimensional (3D) spatial coordinates. The use of the dynamical compartment models allows describing haemodynamics over an extended period (by order of tens of cardiac cycles and more). Then, the steady-state models are considered. They may use either total spatial reduction or two dimensional (2D) spatial coordinates. This approach is used for simulation the blood flow in the region of microcirculation. In the second part, we discuss the models, which are based on the spatial order reduction to the 1D coordinate. The models of this type require relatively small computational power relative to the 3D models. Within the scope of this approach, it is also possible to include all large vessels of the organism. The 1D models allow simulation of the haemodynamic parameters in every vessel, which is included in the model network. The structure and the parameters of such a network can be set according to the literature data. It also exists methods of medical data segmentation. The 1D models may be derived from the 3D Navier – Stokes equations either by asymptotic analysis or by integrating them over a volume. The major assumptions are symmetric flow and constant shape of the velocity profile over a cross-section. These assumptions are somewhat restrictive and arguable. Some of the current works paying attention to the 1D model’s validation, to the comparing different 1D models and the comparing 1D models with clinical data. The obtained results reveal acceptable accuracy. It allows concluding, that the 1D approach can be used in medical applications. 1D models allow describing several dynamical processes, such as pulse wave propagation, Korotkov’s tones. Some physiological conditions may be included in the 1D models: gravity force, muscles contraction force, regulation and autoregulation.

In various applications arise problems modeled by nonlinear partial differential equations on graphs (networks, trees). In order to study such problems and various extreme situations arose in the problems of designing and optimizing networks developed the computational model based on solving the corresponding boundary problems for partial differential equations of hyperbolic type on graphs (networks, trees). As applications, three different problems were chosen solved in the framework of the general approach of network computational models. The first was modeling of traffic flow. In solving this problem, a macroscopic approach was used in which the transport flow is described by a nonlinear system of second-order hyperbolic equations. The results of numerical simulations showed that the model developed as part of the proposed approach well reproduces the real situation various sections of the Moscow transport network on significant time intervals and can also be used to select the most optimal traffic management strategy in the city. The second was modeling of data flows in computer networks. In this problem data flows of various connections in packet data network were simulated as some continuous medium flows. Conceptual and mathematical network models are proposed. The numerical simulation was carried out in comparison with the NS-2 network simulation system. The results showed that in comparison with the NS-2 packet model the developed streaming model demonstrates significant savings in computing resources while ensuring a good level of similarity and allows us to simulate the behavior of complex globally distributed IP networks. The third was simulation of the distribution of gas impurities in ventilation networks. It was developed the computational mathematical model for the propagation of finely dispersed or gas impurities in ventilation networks using the gas dynamics equations by numerical linking of regions of different sizes. The calculations shown that the model with good accuracy allows to determine the distribution of gas-dynamic parameters in the pipeline network and solve the problems of dynamic ventilation management.