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The paper presents results of experimental, computational and analytical study of the effect of nonequilibrium chemical activation of air-fuel mixture on effectiveness of Diesel process. The generation of a high-voltage multi-streamer discharge in combustion chamber at the compression phase is considered as the method of the activation. The description of electrical discharge system, results of measurement and visualization are presented. The plasma-chemical kinetics of nonequilibrium ignition is analyzed to establish a passway for a proper reduction of chemical kinetics scheme. The results of numerical simulation of gas dynamic processes at presence of plasma-assisted combustion in a geometrical configuration close to the experimental one are described.

А discrete element model is applied to the problem of a spherical projectile penetration into a massive obstacle. According to the model both indenter and obstacle are described by a set of densely packed particles. To model the interaction between the particles the two-parameter Lennard–Jones potential is used. Computer implementation of the model has been carried out using parallelism on GPUs, which resulted in high spatial — temporal resolution. Based on the comparison of the results of numerical simulation with experimental data the binding energy has been identified as a function of the dynamic hardness of materials. It is shown that the use of this approach allows to accurately describe the penetration process in the range of projectile velocities 500–2500 m/c.

The article presents an analytical-numerical method to simulate $p$-dimentional heat transfer processes on complex geometry domains when conventional methods are not applicable. The model is converted by the proposed method so that conventional numerical analysis methods is applied to the numerical research. The results of numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained results, other authors’ numerical results and exact analytical solutions, known for a class of problems, is compared.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the proximity of the population system to dangerous boundaries. An intersection of these boundaries results in the collapse of the stable coexistence of interacting populations. As a reason of such destruction one can consider random perturbations inevitably presented in any living system. This study is carried out on the example of the well-known model of interaction between predator and prey populations, taking into account both a stabilizing factor of the competition of predators for another than prey resources, and also a destabilizing saturation factor for predators. To describe the saturation of predators, we use the second type Holling trophic function. The dynamics of the system is studied as a function of the predator saturation, and the coefficient of predator competition for resources other than prey. The paper presents a parametric description of the possible dynamic regimes of the deterministic model. Here, local and global bifurcations are studied, and areas of sustainable coexistence of populations in equilibrium and the oscillation modes are described. An interesting feature of this mathematical model, firstly considered by Bazykin, is a global bifurcation of the birth of limit cycle from the separatrix loop. We study the effects of noise on the equilibrium and oscillatory regimes of coexistence of predator and prey populations. It is shown that an increase of the intensity of random disturbances can lead to significant deformations of these regimes right up to their destruction. The aim of this work is to develop a constructive probabilistic criterion for the proximity of the population stochastic system to the dangerous boundaries. The proposed approach is based on the mathematical technique of stochastic sensitivity functions, and the method of confidence domains. In the case of a stable equilibrium, this confidence domain is an ellipse. For the stable cycle, this domain is a confidence band. The size of the confidence domain is proportional to the intensity of the noise and stochastic sensitivity of the initial deterministic attractor. A geometric criterion of the exit of the population system from sustainable coexistence mode is the intersection of the confidence domain and the corresponding separatrix of the unforced deterministic model. An effectiveness of this analytical approach is confirmed by the good agreement of theoretical estimates and results of direct numerical simulations.

WENO schemes (weighted, essentially non oscillating) are currently having a wide range of applications as approximate high order schemes for discontinuous solutions of partial differential equations. These schemes are used for direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simmulation in the gas dynamic problems, problems for DNS in MHD and even neutron kinetics. This work is dedicated to clarify some characteristics of WENO schemes and numerical simulation of specific tasks. Results of the simulations can be used to clarify the field of application of these schemes. The first part of the work contained proofs of the approximation properties, stability and convergence of WENO5, WENO7, WENO9, WENO11 and WENO13 schemes. In the second part of the work the modified wave number analysis is conducted that allows to conclude the dispersion and dissipative properties of schemes. Further, a numerical simulation of a number of specific problems for hyperbolic equations is conducted, namely for advection equations (one-dimensional and two-dimensional), Hopf equation, Burgers equation (with low dissipation) and equations of non viscous gas dynamics (onedimensional and two-dimensional). For each problem that is implying a smooth solution, the practical calculation of the order of approximation via Runge method is performed. The influence of a time step on nonlinear properties of the schemes is analyzed experimentally in all problems and cross checked with the first part of the paper. In particular, the advection equations of a discontinuous function and Hopf equations show that the failure of the recommendations from the first part of the paper leads first to an increase in total variation of the solution and then the approximation is decreased by the non-linear dissipative mechanics of the schemes. Dissipation of randomly distributed initial conditions in a periodic domain for one-dimensional Burgers equation is conducted and a comparison with the spectral method is performed. It is concluded that the WENO7–WENO13 schemes are suitable for direct numerical simulation of turbulence. At the end we demonstrate the possibility of the schemes to be used in solution of initial-boundary value problems for equations of non viscous gas dynamics: Rayleigh–Taylor instability and the reflection of the shock wave from a wedge with the formation a complex configuration of shock waves and discontinuities.

The article discusses the model of the anthropomorphic type of mechanism of the exoskeleton with links of variable length. Four models of parts of variable length are considered comprehensively: the model link of the exoskeleton of variable length with a resilient member and a rigid strong core; the model of the telescopic link; the model link with the masses in the hinge-joint between them; the link model with an arbitrary number of masses. The differential equations of motion in the form of Lagrange equations of the second kind are made. On the basis of analysis of differential equations of motion for multi-link rod of a mechanical system type, exoskeleton revealed their structure, which allowed us to represent them in vector-matrix form. The General pattern of building matrices are established for the first time and the generalization of the expressions for elements of matrices in two-dimensional case are obtained. New recursive and matrix methods of composing of differential equations of motion are given. A unified approach to constructing differential equations of motion of the exoskeleton based on the developed recursive and matrix methods write differential equations of motion of the proposed exoskeleton. Comparison of the time of writing the differential equations of motion proposed methods, in comparison with the Lagrange equations of the second kind, in the system of computer mathematics Mathematica conducted. An analytical study of the model of the exoskeleton carried out. It was found that for mechanisms with n movable links of the Cauchy problem for systems of differential equations of motion for any initial conditions there is no single and unlimited continue. Control of the exoskeleton is accomplished using the torques which are located in the hinge-joints in the joints of the links and simulating control actions. Numerical investigation of a model of the exoskeleton is made, a comparison of results of calculations for exoskeletons with various models of units is held. A numerical study of the empirical evidence about the man and his movements is used. It is established that the choice structure of the exoskeleton model with lumped masses is more preferable to a model with perfectly rigid strong core. As an exoskeleton, providing comfortable movement of people, and you should repeat the properties of the musculoskeletal system.

We now review the main points of mean-field approximation (MFA) in its application to multicomponent stochastic reaction-diffusion systems.

We present the chemical reaction model under study — brusselator. We write the kinetic equations of reaction supplementing them with terms that describe the diffusion of the intermediate components and the fluctuations of the concentrations of the initial products. We simulate the fluctuations as random Gaussian homogeneous and spatially isotropic fields with zero means and spatial correlation functions with a non-trivial structure. The model parameter values correspond to a spatially-inhomogeneous ordered state in the deterministic case.

In the MFA we derive single-site two-dimensional nonlinear self-consistent Fokker–Planck equation in the Stratonovich's interpretation for spatially extended stochastic brusselator, which describes the dynamics of probability distribution density of component concentration values of the system under consideration. We find the noise intensity values appropriate to two types of Fokker–Planck equation solutions: solution with transient bimodality and solution with the multiple alternation of unimodal and bimodal types of probability density. We study numerically the probability density dynamics and time behavior of variances, expectations, and most probable values of component concentrations at various noise intensity values and the bifurcation parameter in the specified region of the problem parameters.

Beginning from some value of external noise intensity inside the ordered phase disorder originates existing for a finite time, and the higher the noise level, the longer this disorder “embryo” lives. The farther away from the bifurcation point, the lower the noise that generates it and the narrower the range of noise intensity values at which the system evolves to the ordered, but already a new statistically steady state. At some second noise intensity value the intermittency of the ordered and disordered phases occurs. The increasing noise intensity leads to the fact that the order and disorder alternate increasingly.

Thus, the scenario of the noise induced order–disorder transition in the system under study consists in the intermittency of the ordered and disordered phases.

The paper develops a new mathematical method of the joint signal and noise parameters determination at the Rice statistical distribution by method of moments based upon the analysis of data for the 1-st and the 3-rd raw moments of the random rician value. The explicit equations’ system have been obtained for required parameters of the signal and noise. In the limiting case of the small value of the signal-to-noise ratio the analytical formulas have been derived that allow calculating the required parameters without the necessity of solving the equations numerically. The technique having been elaborated in the paper ensures an efficient separation of the informative and noise components of the data to be analyzed without any a-priori restrictions, just based upon the processing of the results of the signal’s sampled measurements. The task is meaningful for the purposes of the rician data processing, in particular in the systems of magnetic-resonance visualization, in ultrasound visualization systems, at the optical signals’ analysis in range measuring systems, in radio location, etc. The results of the investigation have shown that the two parameter task solution of the proposed technique does not lead to the increase in demanded volume of computing resources compared with the one parameter task being solved in approximation that the second parameter of the task is known a-priori There are provided the results of the elaborated technique’s computer simulation. The results of the signal and noise parameters’ numerical calculation have confirmed the efficiency of the elaborated technique. There has been conducted the comparison of the accuracy of the sought-for parameters estimation by the technique having been developed in this paper and by the previously elaborated method of moments based upon processing the measured data for lower even moments of the signal to be analyzed.

In the last decades, the development of methods for increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction in fields with unconventional reserves containing large amounts of gas condensate is of great importance. This makes important the development of methods of mathematical modeling that realistically describe physical processes in a gas-condensate mixture in a porous medium.

In the paper, a mathematical model which describes the dynamics of the pressure, velocity and concentration of the components of a two-component two-phase mixture entering a laboratory model of plast filled with a porous substance with known physicochemical properties is considered. The mathematical model is based on a system of nonlinear spatially one-dimensional partial differential equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Laboratory experiments show that during a finite time the system stabilizes, what gives a basis to proceed to the stationary formulation of the problem.

The numerical solution of the formulated system of ordinary differential equations is realized in the Maple environment on the basis of the Runge–Kutta procedure. It is shown that the physical parameters of the gascondensate mixture, which characterize the modeled system in the stabilization regime, obtained on this basis, are in good agreement with the available experimental data. This confirms the correctness of the chosen approach and the validity of its further application and development for computer modeling of physical processes in gas-condensate mixtures in a porous medium. The paper presents a mathematical formulation of the system of partial differential equations and of respective system stationary equations, describes the numerical approach, and discusses the numerical results obtained in comparison with experimental data.

The Richtmyer–Meshkov and the Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities of viscoplastic (or the Bingham) fluids are studied in the three–dimensional formulation of the problem. A numerical modeling of the intermixing of two fluids with different rheology, whose densities differ twice, as a result of instabilities development process has been carried out. The development of the Richtmyer–Meshkov and the Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities of the Bingham fluids is analyzed utilizing the MacCormack and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) methods to reconstruct the interface during the process. Both the results of numerical simulation of the named instabilities of the Bingham liquids and their comparison with theory and the results of the Newtonian fluid simulation are presented. Critical amplitude of the initial perturbation of the contact boundary velocity field at which the development of instabilities begins was estimated. This critical amplitude presents because of the yield stress exists in the Bingham fluids. Results of numerical calculations show that the yield stress of viscoplastic fluids essentially affects the nature of the development of both Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities. If the amplitude of the initial perturbation is less than the critical value, then the perturbation decays relatively quickly, and no instability develops.When the initial perturbation exceeds the critical amplitude, the nature of the instability development resembles that of the Newtonian fluid. In a case of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, the critical amplitudes of the initial perturbation of the contact boundary at different values of the yield stress are estimated. There is a distinction in behavior of the non-Newtonian fluid in a plane case: with the same value of the yield stress in three-dimensional geometry, the range of the amplitude values of the initial perturbation, when fluid starts to transit from rest to motion, is significantly narrower. In addition, it is shown that the critical amplitude of the initial perturbation of the contact boundary for the Rayleigh–Taylor instability is lower than for the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. This is due to the action of gravity, which helps the instability to develop and counteracts the forces of viscous friction.