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Seasonal migrations and herd instinct are traditionally recognized as wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) species-specific behavioral signs. These animals are forced to overcome water obstacles during the migrations. Behaviour peculiarities are considered as the result of the selection process, which has chosen among the sets of strategies, as the only evolutionarily stable one, determining the reproduction and biological survival of wild reindeer as a species. Natural processes in the Taimyr population wild reindeer are currently occurring against the background of an increase in the influence of negative factors due to the escalation of the industrial development of the Arctic. That is why the need to identify the ethological features of these animals completely arose. This paper presents the results of applying the classical methods of the theory of optimal control and differential games to the wild reindeer study of the migration patterns in overcoming water barriers, including major rivers. Based on these animals’ ethological features and behavior forms, the herd is presented as a controlled dynamic system, which presents also two classes of individuals: the leader and the rest of the herd, for which their models, describing the trajectories of their movement, are constructed. The models are based on hypotheses, which are the mathematical formalization of some animal behavior patterns. This approach made it possible to find the trajectory of the important one using the methods of the optimal control theory, and in constructing the trajectories of other individuals, apply the principle of control with a guide. Approbation of the obtained results, which can be used in the formation of a common “platform” for the adaptive behavior models systematic construction and as a reserve for the cognitive evolution models fundamental development, is numerically carried out using a model example with observational data on the Werchnyaya Taimyra River.

We describe an engineering-psychological experiment that continues the study of ways to adapt a person to the increasing complexity of logical problems by presenting a series of problems of increasing complexity, which is determined by the volume of initial data. Tasks require calculations in an associative or non-associative system of operations. By the nature of the change in the time of solving the problem, depending on the number of necessary operations, we can conclude that a purely sequential method of solving problems or connecting additional brain resources to the solution in parallel mode. In a previously published experimental work, a person in the process of solving an associative problem recognized color images with meaningful images. In the new study, a similar problem is solved for abstract monochrome geometric shapes. Analysis of the result showed that for the second case, the probability of the subject switching to a parallel method of processing visual information is significantly reduced. The research method is based on presenting a person with two types of tasks. One type of problem contains associative calculations and allows a parallel solution algorithm. Another type of problem is the control one, which contains problems in which calculations are not associative and parallel algorithms are ineffective. The task of recognizing and searching for a given object is associative. A parallel strategy significantly speeds up the solution with relatively small additional resources. As a control series of problems (to separate parallel work from the acceleration of a sequential algorithm), we use, as in the previous experiment, a non-associative comparison problem in cyclic arithmetic, presented in the visual form of the game “rock, paper, scissors”. In this problem, the parallel algorithm requires a large number of processors with a small efficiency coefficient. Therefore, the transition of a person to a parallel algorithm for solving this problem is almost impossible, and the acceleration of processing input information is possible only by increasing the speed. Comparing the dependence of the solution time on the volume of source data for two types of problems allows us to identify four types of strategies for adapting to the increasing complexity of the problem: uniform sequential, accelerated sequential, parallel computing (where possible), or undefined (for this method) strategy. The Reducing of the number of subjects, who switch to a parallel strategy when encoding input information with formal images, shows the effectiveness of codes that cause subject associations. They increase the speed of human perception and processing of information. The article contains a preliminary mathematical model that explains this phenomenon. It is based on the appearance of a second set of initial data, which occurs in a person as a result of recognizing the depicted objects.

By numerical simulation methods the interaction processes of oscillating soliton (breather) with a 180-degree Neel domain wall in the framework of a (2 + 1)-dimensional supersymmetric O(3) nonlinear sigma model is studied. The purpose of this paper is to investigate nonlinear evolution and stability of a system of interacting localized dynamic and topological solutions. To construct the interaction models, were used a stationary breather and domain wall solutions, where obtained in the framework of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon equation by adding specially selected perturbations to the A3-field vector in the isotopic space of the Bloch sphere. In the absence of an external magnetic field, nonlinear sigma models have formal Lorentz invariance, which allows constructing, in particular, moving solutions and analyses the experimental data of the nonlinear dynamics of an interacting solitons system. In this paper, based on the obtained moving localized solutions, models for incident and head-on collisions of breathers with a domain wall are constructed, where, depending on the dynamic parameters of the system, are observed the collisions and reflections of solitons from each other, a long-range interactions and also the decay of an oscillating soliton into linear perturbation waves. In contrast to the breather solution that has the dynamics of the internal degree of freedom, the energy integral of a topologically stable soliton in the all experiments the preserved with high accuracy. For each type of interaction, the range of values of the velocity of the colliding dynamic and topological solitons is determined as a function of the rotation frequency of the A3-field vector in the isotopic space. Numerical models are constructed on the basis of methods of the theory of finite difference schemes, using the properties of stereographic projection, taking into account the group-theoretical features of constructions of the O(N) class of nonlinear sigma models of field theory. On the perimeter of the two-dimensional modeling area, specially developed boundary conditions are established that absorb linear perturbation waves radiated by interacting soliton fields. Thus, the simulation of the interaction processes of localized solutions in an infinite two-dimensional phase space is carried out. A software module has been developed that allows to carry out a complex analysis of the evolution of interacting solutions of nonlinear sigma models of field theory, taking into account it’s group properties in a two-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space. The analysis of isospin dynamics, as well the energy density and energy integral of a system of interacting dynamic and topological solitons is carried out.

The aim of the work was to study and develop methods of forecasting the dynamics of the human respiratory reactions, based on mathematical modeling. To achieve this goal have been set and solved the following tasks: developed and justified the overall structure and formalized description of the model Respiro-reflex system; built and implemented the algorithm in software models of gas exchange of the body; computational experiments and checking the adequacy of the model-based Lite-ture data and our own experimental studies.

In this embodiment, a new comprehensive model entered partial model modified version of physicochemical properties and blood acid-base balance. In developing the model as the basis of a formalized description was based on the concept of separation of physiologically-fi system of regulation on active and passive subsystems regulation. Development of the model was carried out in stages. Integrated model of gas exchange consisted of the following special models: basic biophysical models of gas exchange system; model physicochemical properties and blood acid-base balance; passive mechanisms of gas exchange model developed on the basis of mass balance equations Grodinza F.; chemical regulation model developed on the basis of a multifactor model D. Gray.

For a software implementation of the model, calculations were made in MatLab programming environment. To solve the equations of the method of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberga. It is assumed that the model will be presented in the form of a computer research program, which allows implements vat various hypotheses about the mechanism of the observed processes. Calculate the expected value of the basic indicators of gas exchange under giperkap Britain and hypoxia. The results of calculations as the nature of, and quantity is good enough co-agree with the data obtained in the studies on the testers. The audit on Adek-vatnost confirmed that the error calculation is within error of copper-to-biological experiments. The model can be used in the theoretical prediction of the dynamics of the respiratory reactions of the human body in a changed atmosphere.

In the present paper the application of the kinetic methods to the blood flow problems in elastic vessels is studied. The Lattice Boltzmann (LB) kinetic equation is applied. This model describes the discretized in space and time dynamics of particles traveling in a one-dimensional Cartesian lattice. At the limit of the small times between collisions LB models describe hydrodynamic equations which are equivalent to the Navier – Stokes for compressible if the considered flow is slow (small Mach number). If one formally changes in the resulting hydrodynamic equations the variables corresponding to density and sound wave velocity by luminal area and pulse wave velocity then a well-known 1D equations for the blood flow motion in elastic vessels are obtained for a particular case of constant pulse wave speed.

In reality the pulse wave velocity is a function of luminal area. Here an interesting analogy is observed: the equation of state (which defines sound wave velocity) becomes pressure-area relation. Thus, a generalization of the equation of state is needed. This procedure popular in the modeling of non-ideal gas and is performed using an introduction of a virtual force. This allows to model arbitrary pressure-area dependence in the resulting hemodynamic equations.

Two test case problems are considered. In the first problem a propagation of a sole nonlinear pulse wave is studied in the case of the Laplace pressure-area response. In the second problem the pulse wave dynamics is considered for a vessel bifurcation. The results show good precision in comparison with the data from literature.

The volume and structure of accumulated credit debt to the banking system depends on many factors, the most important of which is the level of interest rates. The correct assessment of borrowers’ reaction to the changes in the monetary policy allows to develop econometric models, representing the structure of the credit portfolio in the banking system by terms of lending. These models help to calculate indicators characterizing the level of interest rate risk in the whole system. In the study, we carried out the identification of four types of models: discrete linear model based on transfer functions; the state-space model; the classical econometric model ARMAX, and a nonlinear Hammerstein –Wiener model. To describe them, we employed the formal language of automatic control theory; to identify the model, we used the MATLAB software pack-age. The study revealed that the discrete linear state-space model is most suitable for short-term forecasting of both the volume and the structure of credit debt, which in turn allows to predict trends in the structure of accumulated credit debt on the forecasting horizon of 1 year. The model based on the real data has shown a high sensitivity of the structure of credit debt by pay back periods reaction to the changes in the Ñentral Bank monetary policy. Thus, a sharp increase in interest rates in response to external market shocks leads to shortening of credit terms by borrowers, at the same time the overall level of debt rises, primarily due to the increasing revaluation of nominal debt. During the stable falling trend of interest rates, the structure shifts toward long-term debts.

In the first section of the paper a definition of presentation (perception) functions — components of individual’s subjective view of the world — are proposed. Using the basic psychophysical law formulated by S. Stevens, and relying on the hypotheses of socialization, rationality, individual choice, complexity of informational influences, dynamics of ideas and perceptions, and accessibility, formal dependence was derived allowing to calculate the function of presentation (perception) for probabilistic indicators (with known distribution function or subjective probability) and of interval type. In the second and third sections parameters of the presentation function according to surveys of the U.S. population related to the war in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq are estimated.

In general, solving the information explosion problem can be delegated to systems for automatic processing of digital data. These systems are intended for recognizing, sorting, meaningfully processing and presenting data in formats readable and interpretable by humans. The creation of intelligent knowledge extraction systems that handle unstructured data would be a natural solution in this area. At the same time, the evident progress in these tasks for structured data contrasts with the limited success of unstructured data processing, and, in particular, document processing. Currently, this research area is undergoing active development and investigation. The present paper is a systematic survey on both Russian and international publications that are dedicated to the leading trend in automatic text data processing: Text Mining (TM). We cover the main tasks and notions of TM, as well as its place in the current AI landscape. Furthermore, we analyze the complications that arise during the processing of texts written in natural language (NLP) which are weakly structured and often provide ambiguous linguistic information. We describe the stages of text data preparation, cleaning, and selecting features which, alongside the data obtained via morphological, syntactic, and semantic analysis, constitute the input for the TM process. This process can be represented as mapping a set of text documents to «knowledge». Using the case of stock trading, we demonstrate the formalization of the problem of making a trade decision based on a set of analytical recommendations. Examples of such mappings are methods of Information Retrieval (IR), text summarization, sentiment analysis, document classification and clustering, etc. The common point of all tasks and techniques of TM is the selection of word forms and their derivatives used to recognize content in NL symbol sequences. Considering IR as an example, we examine classic types of search, such as searching for word forms, phrases, patterns and concepts. Additionally, we consider the augmentation of patterns with syntactic and semantic information. Next, we provide a general description of all NLP instruments: morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis. Finally, we end the paper with a comparative analysis of modern TM tools which can be helpful for selecting a suitable TM platform based on the user’s needs and skills.

The method of the stochastic matrix spectrum analysis is used to build an indicator that allows to determine the subject of scientific texts without keywords usage. This matrix is a matrix of conditional probabilities of bigrams, built on the statistics of the alphabet characters in the text without spaces, numbers and punctuation marks. Scientific texts are classified according to the mutual arrangement of invariant subspaces of the matrix of conditional probabilities of pairs of letter combinations. The separation indicator is the value of the cosine of the angle between the right and left eigenvectors corresponding to the maximum and minimum eigenvalues. The computational algorithm uses a special representation of the dichotomy parameter, which is the integral of the square norm of the resolvent of the stochastic matrix of bigrams along the circumference of a given radius in the complex plane. The tendency of the integral to infinity testifies to the approximation of the integration circuit to the eigenvalue of the matrix. The paper presents the typical distribution of the indicator of identification of specialties. For statistical analysis were analyzed dissertations on the main 19 specialties without taking into account the classification within the specialty, 20 texts for the specialty. It was found that the empirical distributions of the cosine of the angle for the mathematical and Humanities specialties do not have a common domain, so they can be formally divided by the value of this indicator without errors. Although the body of texts was not particularly large, nevertheless, in the case of arbitrary selection of dissertations, the identification error at the level of 2 % seems to be a very good result compared to the methods based on semantic analysis. It was also found that it is possible to make a text pattern for each of the specialties in the form of a reference matrix of bigrams, in the vicinity of which in the norm of summable functions it is possible to accurately identify the theme of the written scientific work, without using keywords. The proposed method can be used as a comparative indicator of greater or lesser severity of the scientific text or as an indicator of compliance of the text to a certain scientific level.

The article analyzes empirical data on the long-term demographic and economic dynamics of the countries of the world for the period from the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Population and GDP of a number of countries of the world for the period 1500–2016 were selected as indicators characterizing the long-term demographic and economic dynamics of the countries of the world. Countries were chosen in such a way that they included representatives with different levels of development (developed and developing countries), as well as countries from different regions of the world (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa). A specially developed mathematical model was used for modeling and data processing. The presented model is an autonomous system of differential equations that describes the processes of socio-economic modernization, including the process of transition from an agrarian society to an industrial and post-industrial one. The model contains the idea that the process of modernization begins with the emergence of an innovative sector in a traditional society, developing on the basis of new technologies. The population is gradually moving from the traditional sector to the innovation sector. Modernization is completed when most of the population moves to the innovation sector.

Statistical methods of data processing and Big Data methods, including hierarchical clustering were used. Using the developed algorithm based on the random descent method, the parameters of the model were identified and verified on the basis of empirical series, and the model was tested using statistical data reflecting the changes observed in developed and developing countries during the period of modernization taking place over the past centuries. Testing the model has demonstrated its high quality — the deviations of the calculated curves from statistical data are usually small and occur during periods of wars and economic crises. Thus, the analysis of statistical data on the long-term demographic and economic dynamics of the countries of the world made it possible to determine general patterns and formalize them in the form of a mathematical model. The model will be used to forecast demographic and economic dynamics in different countries of the world.