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In this paper the problem of automated building of a citation graph from a collection of scientific documents is considered as a sequence of machine learning tasks. The overall data processing technology is described which consists of six stages: preprocessing, metainformation extraction, bibliography lists extraction, splitting bibliography lists into separate bibliography records, standardization of each bibliography record, and record linkage. The goal of this paper is to provide a survey of approaches and algorithms suitable for each stage, motivate the choice of the best combination of algorithms, and adapt some of them for multilingual bibliographies processing. For some of the tasks new algorithms and heuristics are proposed and evaluated on the mixed English and Russian documents corpora.

The article covers several mathematical problems relating to elastic stability of thin shells in view of inconsistencies that have been recently identified between the experimental data and the predictions based on the shallow- shell theory. It is highlighted that the contradictions were caused by new algorithms that enabled updating the values of the so called “low critical stresses” calculated in the 20th century and adopted as a buckling criterion for thin shallow shells by technical standards. The new calculations often find the low critical stress close to zero. Therefore, the low critical stress cannot be used as a safety factor for the buckling analysis of the thinwalled structure, and the equations of the shallow-shell theory need to be replaced with other differential equations. The new theory also requires a buckling criterion ensuring the match between calculations and experimental data.

The article demonstrates that the contradiction with the new experiments can be resolved within the dynamic nonlinear three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The stress when bifurcation of dynamic modes occurs shall be taken as a buckling criterion. The nonlinear form of original equations causes solitary (solitonic) waves that match non-smooth displacements (patterns, dents) of the shells. It is essential that the solitons make an impact at all stages of loading and significantly increase closer to bifurcation. The solitonic solutions are illustrated based on the thin cylindrical momentless shell when its three-dimensional volume is simulated with twodimensional surface of the set thickness. It is noted that the pattern-generating waves can be detected (and their amplitudes can by identified) with acoustic or electromagnetic devices.

Thus, it is technically possible to reduce the risk of failure of the thin shells by monitoring the shape of the surface with acoustic devices. The article concludes with a setting of the mathematical problems requiring the solution for the reliable numerical assessment of the buckling criterion for thin elastic shells.

We consider a model of spontaneous formation of a computational structure in the human brain for solving a given class of tasks in the process of performing a series of similar tasks. The model is based on a special definition of a numerical measure of the complexity of the solution algorithm. This measure has an informational property: the complexity of a computational structure consisting of two independent structures is equal to the sum of the complexities of these structures. Then the probability of spontaneous occurrence of the structure depends exponentially on the complexity of the structure. The exponential coefficient requires experimental determination for each type of problem. It may depend on the form of presentation of the source data and the procedure for issuing the result. This estimation method was applied to the results of a series of experiments that determined the strategy for solving a series of similar problems with a growing number of initial data. These experiments were described in previously published papers. Two main strategies were considered: sequential execution of the computational algorithm, or the use of parallel computing in those tasks where it is effective. These strategies differ in how calculations are performed. Using an estimate of the complexity of schemes, you can use the empirical probability of one of the strategies to calculate the probability of the other. The calculations performed showed a good match between the calculated and empirical probabilities. This confirms the hypothesis about the spontaneous formation of structures that solve the problem during the initial training of a person. The paper contains a brief description of experiments, detailed computational schemes and a strict definition of the complexity measure of computational structures and the conclusion of the dependence of the probability of structure formation on its complexity.

A model of combustion of premixed mixture of gases with one global chemical reaction is considered, the model includes equations of the second order for temperature of mixture and concentrations of fuel and oxidizer, and the right-hand sides of these equations contain the reaction rate function. This function depends on five unknown parameters of the global reaction and serves as approximation to multistep reaction mechanism. The model is reduced, after replacement of variables, to one equation of the second order for temperature of mixture that transforms to a first-order equation for temperature derivative depending on temperature that contains a parameter of flame propagation velocity. Thus, for computing the parameter of burning velocity, one has to solve Dirichlet problem for first-order equation, and after that a model dependence of burning velocity on mixture equivalence ratio at specified reaction rate parameters will be obtained. Given the experimental data of dependence of burning velocity on mixture equivalence ratio, the problem of optimal selection of reaction rate parameters is stated, based on minimization of the mean square deviation of model values of burning velocity on experimental ones. The aim of our study is analysis of uniqueness of this problem solution. To this end, we apply computational experiment during which the problem of global search of optima is solved using multistart of gradient descent. The computational experiment clarifies that the inverse problem in this statement is underdetermined, and every time, when running gradient descent from a selected starting point, it converges to a new limit point. The structure of the set of limit points in the five-dimensional space is analyzed, and it is shown that this set can be described with three linear equations. Therefore, it might be incorrect to tabulate all five parameters of reaction rate based on just one match criterion between model and experimental data of flame propagation velocity. The conclusion of our study is that in order to tabulate reaction rate parameters correctly, it is necessary to specify the values of two of them, based on additional optimality criteria.

The quasistatic deformation problem for shape memory alloys is reviewed within the phenomenological mechanics of solids without microphysics analysis. The phenomenological approach is based on comparison of two material deformation diagrams. The first diagram corresponds to the active proportional loading when the alloy behaves as an ideal elastoplastic material; the residual strain is observed after unloading. The second diagram is relevant to the case when the deformed sample is heated to a certain temperature for each alloy. The initial shape is restored: the reverse distortion matches deformations on the first diagram, except for the sign. Because the first step of distortion can be described with the variational principle, for which the existence of the generalized solutions is proved under arbitrary loading, it becomes clear how to explain the reverse distortion within the slightly modified theory of plasticity. The simply connected surface of loading needs to be replaced with the doubly connected one, and the variational principle needs to be updated with two laws of thermodynamics and the principle of orthogonality for thermodynamic forces and streams. In this case it is not difficult to prove the existence of solutions either. The successful application of the theory of plasticity under the constant temperature causes the need to obtain a similar result for a more general case of variable external forces and temperatures. The paper studies the ideal elastoplastic von Mises model at linear strain rates. Taking into account hardening and arbitrary loading surface does not cause any additional difficulties.

The extended variational principle of the Reissner type is defined. Together with the laws of thermal plasticity it enables to prove the existence of the generalized solutions for three-dimensional bodies made of shape memory materials. The main issue to resolve is a challenge to choose a functional space for the rates and deformations of the continuum points. The space of bounded deformation, which is the main instrument of the mathematical theory of plasticity, serves this purpose in the paper. The proving process shows that the choice of the functional spaces used in the paper is not the only one. The study of other possible problem settings for the extended variational principle and search for regularity of generalized solutions seem an interesting challenge for future research.

The well-known “Sea battle” game is in the focus of the current job. The main goal of the article is to provide modified version of “Sea battle” game and to find optimal players’ strategies in the new rules. Changes were applied to attacking strategies (new option to attack hitting four cells in one shot was added) as well as to the size of the field (sizes of 10 × 10, 20 × 20, 30 × 30 were used) and to the rules of disposal algorithms during the game (new possibility to move the ship off the attacking zone). The game was solved with the use of game theory capabilities: payoff matrices were found for each version of altered rules, for which optimal pure and mixed strategies were discovered. For solving payoff matrices iterative method was used. The simulation was in applying five attacking algorithms and six disposal ones with parameters variation due to the game of players with each other. Attacking algorithms were varied in 100 sets of parameters, disposal algorithms — in 150 sets. Major result is that using such algorithms the modified “Sea battle” game can be solved — that implies the possibility of finding stable pure and mixed strategies of behaviour, which guarantee the sides gaining optimal results in game theory terms. Moreover, influence of modifying the rules of “Sea battle” game is estimated. Comparison with prior authors’ results on this topic was made. Based on matching the payoff matrices with the statistical analysis, completed earlier, it was found out that standard “Sea battle” game could be represented as a special case of game modifications, observed in this article. The job is important not only because of its applications in war area, but in civil areas as well. Use of article’s results could save resources in exploration, provide an advantage in war conflicts, defend devices under devastating impact.

A possible conformational change, which accompanies electron tranport in Rb. sphaeroides photosynthetic reaction center (RC), was studied using quantum-chemical approach. A kinetic model which takes into account two conformational states of RC is proposed. The model quantitatively describes experimental temperature dependencies of recombination reaction rate P⁺Q_A^- → PQ_A. Quantum-chemical modeling of primary quinone (Q_A) binding site permits one to propose a minor shift of Q_A as a conformational change of interest. The shift is accompanied by break of a hydrogen bond between 4–C=O group of Q_A and histidine M²¹⁹, and formation of a new hydrogen bond between Q_A and hydroxyl group of threonine M²²². Characteristics of this conformational change were obtained from quantum-chemical calculations and match parameters of kinetic model in qualitative fashion.

This article describes an experience of LIT JINR team in application software packages adaptation for running in different grid environments. Peculiarities of the applications “gridification” depending on their possible launch modes and a type of the matching computational resources are given. The particular applications and grid environments which applications are adopted for are listed.

The paper proposes an approach to simulation of a sport game, consisting of a discrete set of separate competitions. According to this approach, such a competition is considered as a random processes, generally — a non-Markov’s one. At first we treat the flow of the game as a Markov’s process, obtaining recursive relationship between the probabilities of achieving certain states of score in a tennis match, as well as secondary indicators of the game, such as expectation and variance of the number of serves to finish the game. Then we use a simulation system, modeling the match, to allow an arbitrary change of the probabilities of the outcomes in the competitions that compose the match. We, for instance, allow the probabilities to depend on the results of previous competitions. Therefore, this paper deals with a modification of the model, previously proposed by the authors for sports games with continuous time.

The proposed approach allows to evaluate not only the probability of the final outcome of the match, but also the probabilities of reaching each of the possible intermediate results, as well as secondary indicators of the game, such as the number of separate competitions it takes to finish the match. The paper includes a detailed description of the construction of a simulation system for a game of a tennis match. Then we consider simulating a set and the whole tennis match by analogy. We show some statements concerning fairness of tennis serving rules, understood as independence of the outcome of a competition on the right to serve first. We perform simulation of a cancelled ATP series match, obtaining its most probable intermediate and final outcomes for three different possible variants of the course of the match.

The main result of this paper is the developed method of simulation of the match, applicable not only to tennis, but also to other types of sports games with discrete time.

Atherosclerotic diseases such as carotid artery diseases (CAD) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are the major causes of death worldwide. The onset of these atherosclerotic diseases in the arteries are governed by complex blood flow dynamics and hemodynamic parameters. Atherosclerosis in renal arteries leads to reduction in arterial efficiency, which ultimately leads to Reno-vascular hypertension. This work attempts to identify the localization of atherosclerotic plaque in human abdominal aorta — renal artery junction using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

The atherosclerosis prone regions in an idealized human abdominal aorta-renal artery junction are identified by calculating relevant hemodynamic indicators from computational simulations using the rheologically accurate shear-thinning Yeleswarapu model for human blood. Blood flow is numerically simulated in a 3-D model of the artery junction using ANSYS FLUENT v18.2.

Hemodynamic indicators calculated are average wall shear stress (AWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT). Simulations of pulsatile flow (f=1.25 Hz, Re = 1000) show that low AWSS, and high OSI manifest in the regions of renal artery downstream of the junction and on the infrarenal section of the abdominal aorta lateral to the junction. High RRT, which is a relative index and dependent on AWSS and OSI, is found to overlap with the low AWSS and high OSI at the cranial surface of renal artery proximal to the junction and on the surface of the abdominal aorta lateral to the bifurcation: this indicates that these regions of the junction are prone to atherosclerosis. The results match qualitatively with the findings reported in literature and serve as initial step to illustrate utility of CFD for the location of atherosclerotic plaque.