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A hierarchical method of mathematical and computer modeling of interval-stochastic thermal processes in complex electronic systems for various purposes is developed. The developed concept of hierarchical structuring reflects both the constructive hierarchy of a complex electronic system and the hierarchy of mathematical models of heat exchange processes. Thermal processes that take into account various physical phenomena in complex electronic systems are described by systems of stochastic, unsteady, and nonlinear partial differential equations and, therefore, their computer simulation encounters considerable computational difficulties even with the use of supercomputers. The hierarchical method avoids these difficulties. The hierarchical structure of the electronic system design, in general, is characterized by five levels: Level 1 — the active elements of the ES (microcircuits, electro-radio-elements); Level 2 — electronic module; Level 3 — a panel that combines a variety of electronic modules; Level 4 — a block of panels; Level 5 — stand installed in a stationary or mobile room. The hierarchy of models and modeling of stochastic thermal processes is constructed in the reverse order of the hierarchical structure of the electronic system design, while the modeling of interval-stochastic thermal processes is carried out by obtaining equations for statistical measures. The hierarchical method developed in the article allows to take into account the principal features of thermal processes, such as the stochastic nature of thermal, electrical and design factors in the production, assembly and installation of electronic systems, stochastic scatter of operating conditions and the environment, non-linear temperature dependencies of heat exchange factors, unsteady nature of thermal processes. The equations obtained in the article for statistical measures of stochastic thermal processes are a system of 14 non-stationary nonlinear differential equations of the first order in ordinary derivatives, whose solution is easily implemented on modern computers by existing numerical methods. The results of applying the method for computer simulation of stochastic thermal processes in electron systems are considered. The hierarchical method is applied in practice for the thermal design of real electronic systems and the creation of modern competitive devices.

The work is devoted to the structural analysis of complex technical systems. Mechanical structures are considered, the properties of which affect the behavior of products during assembly, repair and operation. The main source of data on parts and mechanical connections between them is a hypergraph. This model formalizes the multidimensional basing relation. The hypergraph correctly describes the connectivity and mutual coordination of parts, which is achieved during the assembly of the product. When developing complex products in CAD systems, an engineer often makes serious design mistakes: overbasing of parts and non-sequential assembly operations. Effective ways of identifying these structural defects have been proposed. It is shown that the property of independent assembly can be represented as a closure operator whose domain is the boolean of the set of product parts. The images of this operator are connected and coordinated subsets of parts that can be assembled independently. A lattice model is described, which is the state space of the product during assembly, disassembly and decomposition into assembly units. The lattice model serves as a source of various structural information about the project. Numerical estimates of the cardinality of the set of admissible alternatives in the problems of choosing an assembly sequence and decomposition into assembly units are proposed. For many technical operations (for example, control, testing, etc.), it is necessary to mount all the operand parts in one assembly unit. A simple formalization of the technical conditions requiring the inclusion (exclusion) of parts in the assembly unit (from the assembly unit) has been developed. A theorem that gives an mathematical description of product decomposition into assembly units in exact lattice terms is given. A method for numerical evaluation of the robustness of the mechanical structure of a complex technical system is proposed.

Non-destructive acoustic emission testing is an effective and cost-efficient way to examine pressure vessels for hidden defects (cracks, laminations etc.), as well as the only method that is sensitive to developing defects. The sound velocity in the test object and its adequate definition in the location scheme are of paramount importance for the accurate detection of the acoustic emission source. The acoustic emission data processing method proposed herein comprises a set of numerical methods and allows defining the source coordinates and the most probable velocity for each signal. The method includes pre-filtering of data by amplitude, by time differences, elimination of electromagnetic interference. Further, a set of numerical methods is applied to them to solve the system of nonlinear equations, in particular, the Newton – Kantorovich method and the general iterative process. The velocity of a signal from one source is assumed as a constant in all directions. As the initial approximation is taken the center of gravity of the triangle formed by the first three sensors that registered the signal. The method developed has an important practical application, and the paper provides an example of its approbation in the calibration of an acoustic emission system at a production facility (hydrocarbon gas purification absorber). Criteria for prefiltering of data are described. The obtained locations are in good agreement with the signal generation sources, and the velocities even reflect the Rayleigh-Lamb division of acoustic waves due to the different signal source distances from the sensors. The article contains the dependency graph of the average signal velocity against the distance from its source to the nearest sensor. The main advantage of the method developed is its ability to detect the location of different velocity signals within a single test. This allows to increase the degree of freedom in the calculations, and thereby increase their accuracy.

Consider the simulation workshop for production of polymer components composite materials. Describes a technique for the manufacture of parts and, based on the event model developed theoretical production. By event-developed theoretical models of production created a computer simulation model in software simulation Tecnomatix Plant Simulation. The analysis of the simulation model created. Given the bottlenecks found, a new simulation model that meets the requirements. The results obtained on the basis of which the practical recommendations to increase the number of parts produced.

In this paper we consider software implementation of three-dimensional modeling of thermal processes in multilayer integrated circuits based on low-temperature co-veneering ceramic. The results obtained by the software implemented by the example of the radio frequency receiver module based on low-temperature ceramics for autonomous navigation systems. And also provides a comparison with the results of certified software product.

We now review the main points of mean-field approximation (MFA) in its application to multicomponent stochastic reaction-diffusion systems.

We present the chemical reaction model under study — brusselator. We write the kinetic equations of reaction supplementing them with terms that describe the diffusion of the intermediate components and the fluctuations of the concentrations of the initial products. We simulate the fluctuations as random Gaussian homogeneous and spatially isotropic fields with zero means and spatial correlation functions with a non-trivial structure. The model parameter values correspond to a spatially-inhomogeneous ordered state in the deterministic case.

In the MFA we derive single-site two-dimensional nonlinear self-consistent Fokker–Planck equation in the Stratonovich's interpretation for spatially extended stochastic brusselator, which describes the dynamics of probability distribution density of component concentration values of the system under consideration. We find the noise intensity values appropriate to two types of Fokker–Planck equation solutions: solution with transient bimodality and solution with the multiple alternation of unimodal and bimodal types of probability density. We study numerically the probability density dynamics and time behavior of variances, expectations, and most probable values of component concentrations at various noise intensity values and the bifurcation parameter in the specified region of the problem parameters.

Beginning from some value of external noise intensity inside the ordered phase disorder originates existing for a finite time, and the higher the noise level, the longer this disorder “embryo” lives. The farther away from the bifurcation point, the lower the noise that generates it and the narrower the range of noise intensity values at which the system evolves to the ordered, but already a new statistically steady state. At some second noise intensity value the intermittency of the ordered and disordered phases occurs. The increasing noise intensity leads to the fact that the order and disorder alternate increasingly.

Thus, the scenario of the noise induced order–disorder transition in the system under study consists in the intermittency of the ordered and disordered phases.

Currently, earthquake-resistant design of buildings based on the power calculation and presentation of effect of the earthquake static equivalent forces, which are calculated using elastic response spectra (linear-spectral method) that connects the law of motion of the soil with the absolute acceleration of the model in a nonlinear oscillator.

This approach does not directly take into account either the influence of the duration of strong motion or the plastic behavior of the structure. Frequency content and duration of ground vibrations directly affect the energy received by the building and causing damage to its elements. Unlike power or kinematic calculation of the seismic effect on the structure can be interpreted without considering separately the forces and displacements and to provide, as the product of both variables, i.e., the work or input energy (maximum energy that can be purchased building to the earthquake).

With the energy approach of seismic design, it is necessary to evaluate the input seismic energy in the structure and its distribution among various structural components.

The article provides substantiation of the energy approach in the design of earthquake-resistant buildings and structures instead of the currently used method based on the power calculation and presentation of effect of the earthquake static equivalent forces, which are calculated using spectra of the reaction.

Noted that interest in the use of energy concepts in earthquake-resistant design began with the works of Housner, which provided the seismic force in the form of the input seismic energy, using the range of speeds, and suggested that the damage in elastic-plastic system and elastic system causes one and the same input seismic energy.

The indices of the determination of the input energy of the earthquake, proposed by various authors, are given in this paper. It is shown that modern approaches to ensuring seismic stability of structures, based on the representation of the earthquake effect as a static equivalent force, do not adequately describe the behavior of the system during an earthquake.

In this paper, based on quantitative estimates of seismic risk analyzes developed in the NRU MSUCE Standard Organization (STO) “Seismic resistance structures. The main design provisions”. In the developed document a step forward with respect to the optimal design of earthquake-resistant structures.

The proposed concept of using the achievements of modern methods of calculation of buildings and structures on seismic effects, which are harmonized with the Eurocodes and are not contrary to the system of national regulations.

The article presents the intermediate results of the development of a control system for a remotely piloted agricultural aircraft (RPAA). The concept of using an automated complex for performing aerochemical work (ACW) designed for processing fields, water areas, forests with the purpose of protection from pests of plants, fertilization is developed. The basic component of the complex is a manned agricultural aircraft MV-500 developed by LLC “Firm “MVEN” (Kazan). The use of the aircraft in unmanned mode will provide an increase in the productivity of the aircraft, will increase the payload.

The article defines the composition of the complex for automation of ACW: aircraft, ground control center, onboard equipment for automated control of the aircraft and the formation of a map of the heights of the section being processed, and the satellite precise positioning system necessary to automate the control of the aircraft. The aircraft is equipped with an automated control system that provides remote control of take-off and landing and automatic control of the flight trajectory at extremely low altitude when performing ACW and performing spatial turns at the boundaries of the treated areas. It is proposed to take off, landing, dropping an aircraft into the ACW exercise area by means of a pilot operator from a ground control station. The ground control point should provide reception and display on the operator's screen of flight information and several types from the aircraft. The operator can control alternately several aircraft during these phases of flight with the help of ground control authorities. In the future, it is planned to automate these stages of flight, leaving behind the pilot-operator control functions and remote control capabilities in special cases. For the navigation of the aircraft, when performing ACW on board, RTK (Real Time Kinematic) equipment is installed, providing a measurement with centimeter accuracy of coordinates and aircraft heights relative to the base station installed in the ground control station. Before the implementation of ACW, a three-dimensional digital map of the processed area is built by adding existing cadastral maps with measurements of the elevations of the section carried out with the help of on-board radio and optical altimeters of the same aircraft.

To date, the following system components have been manufactured and tested: a remotely controlled model of the MV-500 aircraft at a scale of 1:5, a satellite positioning system; system for obtaining images and telemetry information from the board model; autopilot; methods of obtaining three-dimensional digital maps of sections and planning flight trajectories for ACW.

The application of a conservative numerical method of fluxes is examined for studying the vortex structures in the massive, fast-turned compact astrophysical objects, which are in self-gravity conditions. The simulation is accomplished for the objects with different mass and rotational speed. The pictures of the vortex structure of objects are visualized. In the calculations the gas-dynamic model is used, in which gas is accepted perfected and nonviscous. Numerical procedure is based on the finite-difference approximation of the conservation laws of the additive characteristics of medium for the finite volume. The “upwind” approximations of the densities of distribution of mass, components of momentum and total energy are applied. For the simulation of the objects, which possess fast-spin motion, the control of conservation for the component of moment of momentun is carried out during calculation. Evolutionary calculation is carried out on the basis of the parallel algorithms, realized on the computer complex of cluster architecture. Algorithms are based on the standardized system of message transfer Message Passing Interface (MPI). The blocking procedures of exchange and non-blocking procedures of exchange with control of the completion of operation are used. The parallelization on the space in two or three directions is carried out depending on the size of integration area and parameters of computational grid. For each subarea the parallelization based on the physical factors is carried out also: the calculations of gas dynamics part and gravitational forces are realized on the different processors, that allows to raise the efficiency of algorithms. The real possibility of the direct calculation of gravitational forces by means of the summation of interaction between all finite volumes in the integration area is shown. For the finite volume methods this approach seems to more consecutive than the solution of Poisson’s equation for the gravitational potential. Numerical calculations were carried out on the computer complex of cluster architecture with the peak productivity 523 TFlops. In the calculations up to thousand processors was used.

As part of the paper, a physical and theoretical analysis of the impact processes of various factors of a highaltitude and high-energy nuclear explosion on the asteroid in extra-atmospheric conditions of open space is done. It is shown that, in accordance with the energy and permeability of the plasma of explosion products, X-ray and gamma-neutron radiation, a layered structure with a different energy density depending on angular coordinates is formed on the surface of the asteroid. The temporal patterns of the energy transformation for each layer is clarified and the roles of various photo- and collision processes are determined. The effect of a high-speed plasma flow is erosive in nature, and the plasma pulse is transmitted to the asteroid. The paper presents that in a thin layer of x-ray absorption, the asteroid substance is heated to high temperatures and as a result of its expansion, a recoil impulse is formed, which is not decisive due to the small mass of the expanding high-temperature plasma. Calculations shows that the main impulse received by an asteroid is associated with the entrainment of a heated layer of a substance formed by a neutron flux (7.5 E 10¹⁴ g E cm/s). It is shown that an asteroid with a radius of ~100 m acquires a velocity of . 100 cm/s. The calculations were performed taking into account the explosion energy spent on the destruction of the amorphous structure of the asteroid material (~1 eV/atom = 3.8 E 10¹⁰ erg/g) and ionization in the region of the high-temperature layer. Based on a similar analysis, an approximation is obtained for estimating the average size of fragments in the event of the possible destruction of the asteroid by shock waves generated inside it under the influence of pressure impulses. A physical experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions, simulating the fragmentation of a stone asteroid and confirming the validity of the obtained dependence on the selected values of certain parameters. As a result of numerical studies of the effects of the explosion, carried out at different distances from the surface of the asteroid, it is shown that taking into account the real geometry of the spallation layer gives the optimal height for the formation of the maximum asteroid momentum by a factor of 1.5 greater than similar estimates according to the simplified model. A two-stage concept of the impact of nuclear explosions on an asteroid using radar guidance tools is proposed. The paper analyzes the possible impact of the emerging ionization interference on the radar tracking of the movement of large fragments of the asteroid in the space-time evolution of all elements of the studied dynamic system.