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In a number of fundamental and practical problems, it is necessary to describe the dynamics of the motion of complexshaped particles in a high-speed gas flow. An example is the movement of coal particles behind the front of a strong shock wave during an explosion in a coal mine. The paper is devoted to numerical simulation of the dynamics of translational and rotational motion of a square-shaped body, as an example of a particle of a more complex shape than a round one, in a supersonic flow behind a passing shock wave. The formulation of the problem approximately corresponds to the experiments of Professor V. M. Boiko and Professor S. V. Poplavski (ITAM SB RAS).

Mathematical model is based on the two-dimensional Euler equations, which are solved in a region with varying boundaries. The defining system of equations is integrated using an explicit scheme and the Cartesian grid method which was developed and verified earlier. The computational algorithm at the time integration step includes: determining the step value, calculating the dynamics of the body movement (determining the force and moment acting on the body; determining the linear and angular velocities of the body; calculating the new coordinates of the body), calculating the gas parameters. To calculate numerical fluxes through the edges of the cell intersected by the boundaries of the body, we use a two-wave approximation for solving the Riemann problem and the Steger – Warming scheme.

The movement of a square with a side of 6 mm was initiated by the passage of a shock wave with a Mach number of 3,0 propagating in a flat channel 800 mm long and 60 mm wide. The channel was filled with air at low pressure. Different initial orientation of the square relative to the channel axis was considered. It is found that the initial position of the square with its side across the flow is less stable during its movement than the initial position with a diagonal across the flow. In this case, the calculated results qualitatively correspond to experimental observations. For the intermediate initial positions of a square, a typical mode of its motion is described, consisting of oscillations close to harmonic, turning into rotation with a constant average angular velocity. During the movement of the square, there is an average monotonous decrease in the distance between the center of mass and the center of pressure to zero.

The paper presents the physical and mathematical formulation of the problems of internal ballistics of an artillery shot for a charge consisting of a set of powder tubes and their stress-strain state. Combustion and movement of a bundle of powder tubes along the barrel channel is modeled by an equivalent tubular charge of all-round combustion. It is assumed that the equivalent tube moves along the axis of the bore. The speed of movement of an equivalent tubular charge and its current position are determined from Newton’s second law. When calculating the flow parameters, two-dimensional axisymmetric equations of gas dynamics were used, for the solution of which an axisymmetric orthogonalized difference grid is constructed, which adapts to the flow conditions. The control volume method is used to numerically solve the system of gas-dynamic equations. The gas parameters at the boundaries of the control volumes are determined using a self-similar solution to the Godunov’s problem of the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity. The stress-strain state is modeled for a separate burning powder tube located in the field of gas-dynamic parameters. The calculation of the gas-dynamic parameters of the shot is carried out without taking into account the deformed state of the powder elements. The behavior of powder elements during firing is considered under these conditions. The finite element method with the division of the calculation area into triangular elements is used to solve the problem of elasticity. In the process of powder tube burnout, the computational grid on each time layer of the dynamic problem is completely updated due to a change in the boundaries of the powder element due to combustion. The paper shows the time dependences of the parameters of the internal ballistics process and the stress-strain state of powder elements, as well as the distribution of the main parameters of the flow of combustion products at different points in time. It has been established that the tubular powder elements during the shot experience significant deformations, which must be taken into account when solving the basic problem of internal ballistics. The data obtained give an idea of the level of equivalent stresses acting at various points of the powder element. The results obtained indicate the relevance of the conjugate formulation of the problem of gas dynamics and the stress-strain state for charges consisting of tubular powders, since this allows a new approach to the design of tubular charges and opens up the possibility of determining the parameters on which the physics of the combustion process of gunpowder significantly depends, therefore, and the dynamics of the shot process.

A mathematical model of two-phase capillary-nonequilibrium isothermal flows of incompressible phases in a double porosity medium is constructed. A double porosity medium is considered, which is a composition of two porous media with contrasting capillary properties (absolute permeability, capillary pressure). One of the constituent media has high permeability and is conductive, the second is characterized by low permeability and forms an disconnected system of matrix blocks. A feature of the model is to take into account the influence of capillary nonequilibrium on mass transfer between subsystems of double porosity, while the nonequilibrium properties of two-phase flow in the constituent media are described in a linear approximation within the Hassanizadeh model. Homogenization by the method of formal asymptotic expansions leads to a system of partial differential equations, the coefficients of which depend on internal variables determined from the solution of cell problems. Numerical solution of cell problems for a system of partial differential equations is computationally expensive. Therefore, a thermodynamically consistent kinetic equation is formulated for the internal parameter characterizing the phase distribution between the subsystems of double porosity. Dynamic relative phase permeability and capillary pressure in the processes of drainage and impregnation are constructed. It is shown that the capillary nonequilibrium of flows in the constituent subsystems has a strong influence on them. Thus, the analysis and modeling of this factor is important in transfer problems in systems with double porosity.

An algorithm is proposed to identify parameters of a 2D vortex structure used on information about the flow velocity at a finite (small) set of reference points. The approach is based on using a set of point vortices as a model system and minimizing a functional that compares the model and known sets of velocity vectors in the space of model parameters. For numerical implementation, the method of gradient descent with step size control, approximation of derivatives by finite differences, and the analytical expression of the velocity field induced by the point vortex model are used. An experimental analysis of the operation of the algorithm on test flows is carried out: one and a system of several point vortices, a Rankine vortex, and a Lamb dipole. According to the velocity fields of test flows, the velocity vectors utilized for identification were arranged in a randomly distributed set of reference points (from 3 to 200 pieces). Using the computations, it was determined that: the algorithm converges to the minimum from a wide range of initial approximations; the algorithm converges in all cases when the reference points are located in areas where the streamlines of the test and model systems are topologically equivalent; if the streamlines of the systems are not topologically equivalent, then the percentage of successful calculations decreases, but convergence can also take place; when the method converges, the coordinates of the vortices of the model system are close to the centers of the vortices of the test configurations, and in many cases, the values of their circulations also; con-vergence depends more on location than on the number of vectors used for identification. The results of the study allow us to recommend the proposed algorithm for identifying 2D vortex structures whose streamlines are topologically close to systems of point vortices.

The article is devoted to modeling the shallow water hydrodynamic processes using the example of the Azov Sea. The article presents a mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of a shallow water body, which allows one to calculate three-dimensional fields of the velocity vector of movement of the aquatic environment. Application of regularizers according to B.N.Chetverushkin in the continuity equation led to a change in the method of calculating the pressure field, based on solving the wave equation. A discrete finite-difference scheme has been constructed for calculating pressure in an area whose linear vertical dimensions are significantly smaller than those in horizontal coordinate directions, which is typical for the geometry of shallow water bodies. The method and algorithm for solving grid equations with a tridiagonal preconditioner are described. The proposed method is used to solve grid equations that arise when calculating pressure for the three-dimensional problem of hydrodynamics of the Azov Sea. It is shown that the proposed method converges faster than the modified alternating triangular method. A parallel implementation of the proposed method for solving grid equations is presented and theoretical and practical estimates of the acceleration of the algorithm are carried out taking into account the latency time of the computing system. The results of computational experiments for solving problems of hydrodynamics of the Sea of Azov using the hybrid MPI + OpenMP technology are presented. The developed models and algorithms were used to reconstruct the environmental disaster that occurred in the Sea of Azov in 2001 and to solve the problem of the movement of the aquatic environment in estuary areas. Numerical experiments were carried out on the K-60 hybrid computing cluster of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences.

Mathematical model of infiltrative tumour growth taking into account transitions between two possible states of malignant cell is investigated. These transitions are considered to depend on oxygen level in a threshold manner: high oxygen concentration allows cell proliferation, while concentration below some critical value induces cell migration. Dependence of infiltrative tumour spreading rate on model parameters has been studied. It is demonstrated that if the level of tissue oxygenation is high, tumour spreading rate remains almost constant; otherwise the spreading rate decreases dramatically with oxygen depletion.

Numerical methods of obtaining collective and one-particle states were used for the quantum description of two-nuclear systems behavior at the initial stage of near-barrier heavy nuclei fusion. The collective exited states in such systems represent concordant oscillations of surfaces of spherical nuclei. The one-particle states of the external neutrons are similar to the states of valence electrons of diatomic molecules.

A mathematical model for the evolution of microbial populations during prolonged cultivation in a chemostat has been constructed. This model generalizes the sequence of the well-known mathematical models of the evolution, in which such factors of the genetic variability were taken into account as chromosomal mutations, mutations in plasmid genes, the horizontal gene transfer, the plasmid loss due to cellular division and others. Liapunov’s function for the generic model of evolution is constructed. The existence proof of bounded, positive invariant and globally attracting set in the state space of the generic mathematical model for the evolution is presented because of the application of La-Salle’s theorem. The analytic description of this set is given. Numerical methods for estimate of the number of limit sets, its location and following investigation in the mathematical models for evolution are discussed.

The paper presents a new dense material modeling method based on spherepolyhedra packing algorithm, describes mathematical model of spherepolyhedra and discuss the results of computation experiments on different spherepolyhedra packs. The results of experiments show convergence of proposed method. Experiments include investigations of spherepolyhedra packs with different shapes, polydisperse and oriented structures. Presented method would be applied to virtual design of dense materials composed of non-spherical particles.

This work considers the problem of optimal control galvanic process in multianode bath. The nonstationary mathematical model of galvanic process, which considers change concentrations of electrolyte components, is developed. Demonstrated rationale for the choice of the form to extremal control on example chrome galvanic process in the standard electrolyte.