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Seasonal migrations and herd instinct are traditionally recognized as wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) species-specific behavioral signs. These animals are forced to overcome water obstacles during the migrations. Behaviour peculiarities are considered as the result of the selection process, which has chosen among the sets of strategies, as the only evolutionarily stable one, determining the reproduction and biological survival of wild reindeer as a species. Natural processes in the Taimyr population wild reindeer are currently occurring against the background of an increase in the influence of negative factors due to the escalation of the industrial development of the Arctic. That is why the need to identify the ethological features of these animals completely arose. This paper presents the results of applying the classical methods of the theory of optimal control and differential games to the wild reindeer study of the migration patterns in overcoming water barriers, including major rivers. Based on these animals’ ethological features and behavior forms, the herd is presented as a controlled dynamic system, which presents also two classes of individuals: the leader and the rest of the herd, for which their models, describing the trajectories of their movement, are constructed. The models are based on hypotheses, which are the mathematical formalization of some animal behavior patterns. This approach made it possible to find the trajectory of the important one using the methods of the optimal control theory, and in constructing the trajectories of other individuals, apply the principle of control with a guide. Approbation of the obtained results, which can be used in the formation of a common “platform” for the adaptive behavior models systematic construction and as a reserve for the cognitive evolution models fundamental development, is numerically carried out using a model example with observational data on the Werchnyaya Taimyra River.

The review is based on some of the authors ’early works of particular scientific, methodological and practical interest and the greatest attention is paid to recent works, where quite detailed numerical studies of not only single, but also double and multiple explosions in a wide range of heights and environmental conditions have been performed . Since the shock wave of a powerful explosion is one of the main damaging factors in the lower atmosphere, the review focuses on both the physical analysis of their propagation and their interaction. Using the three-dimensional algorithms developed by the authors, the effects of interference and diffraction of several shock waves, which are interesting from a physical point of view, in the absence and presence of an underlying surface of various structures are considered. Quantitative characteristics are determined in the region of their maximum values, which is of known practical interest. For explosions in a dense atmosphere, some new analytical solutions based on the small perturbation method have been found that are convenient for approximate calculations. For a number of conditions, the possibility of using the self-similar properties of equations of the first and second kind to solve problems on the development of an explosion has been shown.

Based on numerical analysis, a fundamental change in the structure of the development of the perturbed region with a change in the height of the explosion in the range of 100–120 km is shown. At altitudes of more than 120 km, the geomagnetic field begins to influence the development of the explosion; therefore, even for a single explosion, the picture of the plasma flow after a few seconds becomes substantially three-dimensional. For the calculation of explosions at altitudes of 120–1000 km under the guidance of academician A. Kholodov. A special three-dimensional numerical algorithm based on the MHD approximation was developed. Numerous calculations were performed and for the first time a quite detailed picture of the three-dimensional flow of the explosion plasma was obtained with the formation of an upward jet in 5–10 s directed in the meridional plane approximately along the geomagnetic field. After some modification, this algorithm was used to calculate double explosions in the ionosphere, spaced a certain distance. The interaction between them was carried out both by plasma flows and through a geomagnetic field. Some results are given in this review and are described in detail in the original articles.

The two significant geometric parameters are proposed that affect the physical quantities interpolation in the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH). They are: the smoothing coefficient which the particle size and the smoothing radius are connecting and the volume coefficient which determine correctly the particle mass for a given particles distribution in the medium.

In paper proposes a technique for these parameters influence assessing on the SPH method interpolations accuracy when the hydrostatic problem solving. The analytical functions of the relative error for the density and pressure gradient in the medium are introduced for the accuracy estimate. The relative error functions are dependent on the smoothing factor and the volume factor. Designating a specific interpolation form in SPH method allows the differential form of the relative error functions to the algebraic polynomial form converting. The root of this polynomial gives the smoothing coefficient values that provide the minimum interpolation error for an assigned volume coefficient.

In this work, the derivation and analysis of density and pressure gradient relative errors functions on a sample of popular nuclei with different smoothing radius was carried out. There is no common the smoothing coefficient value for all the considered kernels that provides the minimum error for both SPH interpolations. The nuclei representatives with different smoothing radius are identified which make it possible the smallest errors of SPH interpolations to provide when the hydrostatic problem solving. As well, certain kernels with different smoothing radius was determined which correct interpolation do not allow provide when the hydrostatic problem solving by the SPH method.

This study is devoted to a comparative study of the conformational stability of the DNA aptamer to adenosine derivatives in a free state and in a complex with AMP and HMP molecules by use of molecular dynamics. It was shown that, in the free state, the structure of the inner loop of the DNA aptamer hairpin, due to the special packing of guanines, closes the cavity of the binding site from external ligands, and the condition for the specific selection of adenosine derivatives in comparison with guanine arises. New stabilization factors of the AMP and aptamer complex have been revealed — hydrogen bonds between the O3’ of the ribose atom of the ligands with the oxygen of the nearest phosphate group. It was also shown that guanines, which form hydrogen bonds with AMP within the binding site, are additionally stabilized by hydrogen bonds with phosphate groups opposing along the chain. The proposed scheme is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data, according to which the aptamer in solution acquires a hairpin conformation with the formation of a binding site, while the formed site exhibits high specificity when interacting only with adenosine derivatives.

The study of the Volterra model describing the competition of three types is carried out. The corresponding system of first-order differential equations with a quadratic right-hand side, after a change of variables, reduces to a system with eight parameters. Two of them characterize the growth rates of populations; for the first species, this parameter is taken equal to one. The remaining six coefficients define the species interaction matrix. Previously, in the analytical study of the so-called symmetric model [May, Leonard, 1975] and the asymmetric model [Chi, Wu, Hsu, 1998] with growth factors equal to unity, relations were established for the interaction coefficients, under which the system has a one-parameter family of limit cycles. In this paper, we carried out a numerical-analytical study of the complete system based on a cosymmetric approach, which made it possible to determine the ratios for the parameters that correspond to families of equilibria. Various variants of oneparameter families are obtained and it is shown that they can consist of both stable and unstable equilibria. In the case of an interaction matrix with unit coefficients, a multicosymmetry of the system and a two-parameter family of equilibria are found that exist for any growth coefficients. For various interaction coefficients, the values of growth parameters are found at which periodic regimes are realized. Their belonging to the family of limit cycles is confirmed by the calculation of multipliers. In a wide range of values that violate the relationships under which the existence of cycles is ensured, a slow oscillatory establishment, typical of the destruction of cosymmetry, is obtained. Examples are given where a fixed value of one growth parameter corresponds to two values of another parameter, so that there are different families of periodic regimes. Thus, the variability of scenarios for the development of a three-species system has been established.

As the population of cities grows, the need to plan for the development of transport infrastructure becomes more acute. For this purpose, transport modeling packages are created. These packages usually contain a set of convex optimization problems, the iterative solution of which leads to the desired equilibrium distribution of flows along the paths. One of the directions for the development of transport modeling is the construction of more accurate generalized models that take into account different types of passengers, their travel purposes, as well as the specifics of personal and public modes of transport that agents can use. Another important direction of transport models development is to improve the efficiency of the calculations performed. Since, due to the large dimension of modern transport networks, the search for a numerical solution to the problem of equilibrium distribution of flows along the paths is quite expensive. The iterative nature of the entire solution process only makes this worse. One of the approaches leading to a reduction in the number of calculations performed is the construction of consistent models that allow to combine the blocks of a 4-stage model into a single optimization problem. This makes it possible to eliminate the iterative running of blocks, moving from solving a separate optimization problem at each stage to some general problem. Early work has proven that such approaches provide equivalent solutions. However, it is worth considering the validity and interpretability of these methods. The purpose of this article is to substantiate a single problem, that combines both the calculation of the trip matrix and the modal choice, for the generalized case when there are different layers of demand, types of agents and classes of vehicles in the transport network. The article provides possible interpretations for the gauge parameters used in the problem, as well as for the dual factors associated with the balance constraints. The authors of the article also show the possibility of combining the considered problem with a block for determining network load into a single optimization problem.

The article describes the migration process of a certain population, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the local capacity of the ecological niche. It is assumed that this spatial heterogeneity is caused by various natural or artificial factors. The mathematical model of the migration process under consideration is a Cauchy problem on a straight line for some quasi-linear partial differential equation of the first order, which is satisfied by the linear population density under consideration. In this paper, a general solution to this Cauchy problem is found for an arbitrary dependence of the local capacity of an ecological niche on the spatial coordinate. This general solution was applied to describe the migration of the population in question in two different cases: in the case of a dependence of the local capacity of the ecological niche on the spatial coordinate in the form of a smooth step and in the case of a hill-like dependence of the local capacity of the ecological niche on the spatial coordinate. In both cases, the solution to the Cauchy problem is expressed in terms of higher transcendental functions. By applying special relations to the model parameters, these higher transcendental functions are reduced to elementary functions, which makes it possible to obtain exact model solutions explicitly expressed in terms of elementary functions. With the help of these precise solutions, an extensive program of computational experiments has been implemented, showing how the initial population density of the Gaussian form is dispersed by the considered two types of spatial heterogeneity of the local capacity of the ecological niche. These computational experiments have shown that when passing through both step-like and hill-like spatial inhomogeneities of the local capacity of an ecological niche with a narrow Gaussian width of its initial density compared to the characteristic spatial scale of these inhomogeneities, the system forgets its initial state. In particular, if we interpret the system under study as a population living in an extended calm rectilinear river along its bed, then it can be argued that under this initial condition, after the current of this river carries the population under consideration through the area of spatial heterogeneity of the local capacity of the ecological niche, the population density becomes a quasi-rectangular function.

With the data obtained by hydrobiological monitoring of water objects of Don river for many years (1978-1988) calculation of rank distribution parameters and indexes of dominance for phytoplankton species abundance was conducted. The borders of investigated characteristics are calculated. They correspond to borders of ecological well-being - trouble conditions of phytoplankton communities. Ecologically tolerable levels for the core abiotic factors are found. Contribution of each of analyzed factors to a degree of ecological trouble is established.

Methods for establishing standards of environmental quality by data of ecological monitoring are proposed. These are: methods of bioindication by indices of species diversity and size structure of communities, by indices of fish productivity; method for searching for reasons of environmental trouble and ranking them by their contribution into the trouble; methods for standardization of factors which are important as causes of environmental trouble.

Database to store, search and retrieve DNA physical properties profiles has been developed and its use for analysis of E. coli promoters has been demonstrated. Unique feature of the database is in its ability to handle whole profile as single internal object type in a way similar to integers or character strings. To demonstrate utility of such database it was populated with data of 1227 known promoters, their nucleotide sequence, profile of electrostatic potential, transcription factor binding sites. Each promoter is also connected to all genes, whose transcription is controlled by that promoter. Content of the database is available for search via web interface. Source code of profile datatype and library to work with it from R/Bioconductor are available from the internet, dump of the database is available from authors by request.