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This article presents the results of an analytical and computer study of the collective dynamic properties of a chain of self-oscillating systems (conditionally — oscillators). It is assumed that the couplings of individual elements of the chain are non-reciprocal, unidirectional. More precisely, it is assumed that each element of the chain is under the influence of the previous one, while the reverse reaction is absent (physically insignificant). This is the main feature of the chain. This system can be interpreted as an active discrete medium with unidirectional transfer, in particular, the transfer of a matter. Such chains can represent mathematical models of real systems having a lattice structure that occur in various fields of natural science and technology: physics, chemistry, biology, radio engineering, economics, etc. They can also represent models of technological and computational processes. Nonlinear self-oscillating systems (conditionally, oscillators) with a wide “spectrum” of potentially possible individual self-oscillations, from periodic to chaotic, were chosen as the “elements” of the lattice. This allows one to explore various dynamic modes of the chain from regular to chaotic, changing the parameters of the elements and not changing the nature of the elements themselves. The joint application of qualitative methods of the theory of dynamical systems and qualitative-numerical methods allows one to obtain a clear picture of all possible dynamic regimes of the chain. The conditions for the existence and stability of spatially-homogeneous dynamic regimes (deterministic and chaotic) of the chain are studied. The analytical results are illustrated by a numerical experiment. The dynamical regimes of the chain are studied under perturbations of parameters at its boundary. The possibility of controlling the dynamic regimes of the chain by turning on the necessary perturbation at the boundary is shown. Various cases of the dynamics of chains comprised of inhomogeneous (different in their parameters) elements are considered. The global chaotic synchronization (of all oscillators in the chain) is studied analytically and numerically.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the proximity of the population system to dangerous boundaries. An intersection of these boundaries results in the collapse of the stable coexistence of interacting populations. As a reason of such destruction one can consider random perturbations inevitably presented in any living system. This study is carried out on the example of the well-known model of interaction between predator and prey populations, taking into account both a stabilizing factor of the competition of predators for another than prey resources, and also a destabilizing saturation factor for predators. To describe the saturation of predators, we use the second type Holling trophic function. The dynamics of the system is studied as a function of the predator saturation, and the coefficient of predator competition for resources other than prey. The paper presents a parametric description of the possible dynamic regimes of the deterministic model. Here, local and global bifurcations are studied, and areas of sustainable coexistence of populations in equilibrium and the oscillation modes are described. An interesting feature of this mathematical model, firstly considered by Bazykin, is a global bifurcation of the birth of limit cycle from the separatrix loop. We study the effects of noise on the equilibrium and oscillatory regimes of coexistence of predator and prey populations. It is shown that an increase of the intensity of random disturbances can lead to significant deformations of these regimes right up to their destruction. The aim of this work is to develop a constructive probabilistic criterion for the proximity of the population stochastic system to the dangerous boundaries. The proposed approach is based on the mathematical technique of stochastic sensitivity functions, and the method of confidence domains. In the case of a stable equilibrium, this confidence domain is an ellipse. For the stable cycle, this domain is a confidence band. The size of the confidence domain is proportional to the intensity of the noise and stochastic sensitivity of the initial deterministic attractor. A geometric criterion of the exit of the population system from sustainable coexistence mode is the intersection of the confidence domain and the corresponding separatrix of the unforced deterministic model. An effectiveness of this analytical approach is confirmed by the good agreement of theoretical estimates and results of direct numerical simulations.

In this article, a meshfree-spectral method for numerical investigation of dynamics of planar geophysical flows is proposed. We investigate inviscid incompressible fluid flows with the presence of planetary rotation. Mathematically this problem is described by the non-steady system of two partial differential equations in terms of stream and vorticity functions with different boundary conditions (closed flow region and periodic conditions). The proposed method is based on several assumptions. First of all, the vorticity field is given by its values on the set of particles. The function of vorticity distribution is approximated by piecewise cubic polynomials. Coefficients of polynomials are found by least squares method. The stream function is calculated by using the spectral global Bubnov –Galerkin method at each time step.

The dynamics of fluid particles is calculated by pseudo-symplectic Runge –Kutta method. A detailed version of the method for periodic boundary conditions is described in this article for the first time. The adequacy of numerical scheme was examined on test examples. The dynamics of the configuration of four identical circular vortex patches with constant vorticity located at the vertices of a square with a center at the pole is investigated by numerical experiments. The effect of planetary rotation and the radius of patches on the dynamics and formation of vortex structures is studied. It is shown that, depending on the direction of rotation, the Coriolis force can enhance or slow down the processes of interaction and mixing of the distributed vortices. At large radii the vortex structure does not stabilize.

In the article is carried out the analysis of historical process with the use of methods of synergetics (science about the nonlinear developing systems in nature and the society), developed in the works of D. S. Chernavskii in connection with to economic and social systems. It is shown that social self-organizing depending on conditions leads to the formation of both the societies with the strong internal competition (Y-structures) and cooperative type societies (X-structures). Y-structures are characteristic for the countries of the West, X-structure are characteristic for the countries of the East. It is shown that in XIX and in XX centuries occurred accelerated shaping and strengthening of Y-structures. However, at present world system entered into the period of serious structural changes in the economic, political, ideological spheres: the domination of Y-structures concludes. Are examined the possible ways of further development of the world system, connected with change in the regimes of self-organizing and limitation of internal competition. This passage will be prolonged and complex. Under these conditions it will objectively grow the value of the civilizational experience of Russia, on basis of which was formed combined type social system. It is shown that ultimately inevitable the passage from the present do-mination of Y-structures to the absolutely new global system, whose stability will be based on the new ideology, the new spirituality (i.e., new “conditional information” according D. S. Chernavskii), which makes a turn from the principles of competition to the principles of collaboration.

Ligand protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) have gained much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential applications in material science. Noble metal NCs protected with thiolate ligands have been of interest because of their long-term stability. The detailed structures of most of the ligandstabilized metal NCs remain unknown due to the absence of crystal structure data for them. Theoretical calculations using quantum chemistry techniques appear as one of the most promising tools for determining the structure and electronic properties of NCs. That is why finding a cost-effective strategy for calculations is such an important and challenging task. In this work, we compare the performance of different theoretical methods of geometry optimization and absorption spectra calculation for silver-thiolate complexes. We show that second order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory reproduces nicely the geometries obtained at a higher level of theory, in particular, with RI-CC2 method. We compare the absorption spectra of silver-thiolate complexes simulated with different methods: EOM-CCSD, RI-CC2, ADC(2) and TDDFT. We show that the absorption spectra calculated with the ADC(2) method are consistent with the spectra obtained with the EOM-CCSD and RI-CC2 methods. CAM-B3LYP functional fails to reproduce the absorption spectra of the silver-thiolate complexes. However, M062X global hybrid meta-GGA functional seems to be a nice compromise regarding its low computational costs. In our previous study, we have already demonstrated that M062X functional shows good accuracy as compared to ADC(2) ab initio method predicting the excitation spectra of silver nanocluster complexes with nucleobases.

The development of structured molecular systems based on a nucleic acid framework takes into account the ability of single-stranded DNA to form a stable double-stranded structure due to stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds of complementary pairs of nucleotides. To increase the stability of the DNA double helix and to expand the temperature range in the hybridization protocols, it was proposed to use more stable metal-mediated complexes of nucleotide pairs as an alternative to Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds. One of the most frequently considered options is the use of silver ions to stabilize a pair of cytosines from opposite DNA strands. Silver ions specifically bind to N3 cytosines along the helix axis to form, as is believed, a strong N3–Ag⁺–N3 bond, relative to which, two rotational isomers, the cis- and trans-configurations of C–Ag⁺–C can be formed. In present work, a theoretical study and a comparative analysis of the free energy profile of the dissociation of two С–Ag⁺–C isomers were carried out using the combined method of molecular mechanics and quantum chemistry (QM/MM). As a result, it was shown that the cis-configuration is more favorable in energy than the trans- for a single pair of cytosines, and the geometry of the global minimum at free energy profile for both isomers differs from the equilibrium geometries obtained previously by quantum chemistry methods. Apparently, the silver ion stabilization model of the DNA duplex should take into account not only the direct binding of silver ions to cytosines, but also the presence of related factors, such as stacking interaction in extended DNA, interplanar hydrogen bonds, and metallophilic interaction of neighboring silver ions.

The coconut tree is often mentioned as the “tree of life” due to its immense benefits to the human community ranging from edible products to building materials. Rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), a natural enemy seems to be a major threat to farmers in bringing up these coconut trees. A mathematical model to study the dynamics of pest population in the presence of predator and parasite is developed. The biologically feasible equilibrium points are derived. Local asymptotic stability as well as global asymptotic stability is analyzed at the points. Furthermore, in order to educate farmers on pest control, we have added the impact of awareness programs in the model. The conditions of existence and stability properties of all feasible steady states of this model are analyzed. The result reveals that predator and parasite play a major role in reducing the immature pest. It also shows that pest control activities through awareness programs further reduce the mature pest population which decreases the egg laying rate which in turn reduces the immature population.

Eco-epidemiological models provide insights into factors influencing disease transmission and host population stability. This study developed two eco-epidemiological models to investigate the impacts of prey refuge availability and an Allee effect on dynamics. Model A incorporated these mechanisms, while model B did not. Both models featured predator – prey and disease transmission and were analyzed mathematically and via simulation. Model equilibrium states were examined locally and globally under differing parameter combinations representative of environmental scenarios. Model A and B demonstrated globally stable conditions within certain parameter ranges, signalling refuge and Allee effect terms promote robustness. Moreover, model A showed a higher potential toward extinction of the species as a result of incorporating the Allee effect. Bifurcation analyses revealed qualitative shifts in behavior triggered by modifications like altered predation mortality. Model A manifested a transcritical bifurcation indicating critical population thresholds. Additional bifurcation types were noticed when refuge and Allee stabilizing impacts were absent in model B. Findings showed disease crowding effect and that host persistence is positively associated with refuge habitat, reducing predator – prey encounters. The Allee effect also calibrated stability via heightened sensitivity to small groups. Simulations aligned with mathematical predictions. Model A underwent bifurcations at critical predator death rates impacting prey outcomes. This work provides a valuable framework to minimize transmission given resource availability or demographic alterations, generating testable hypotheses.

The study is based on a three-dimensional hydrodynamic global climate coupled model, including ocean model with real depths and continents configuration, sea ice evolution model and energy and moisture balance atmosphere model. Aerosol concentration from the year 2010 to 2100 is calculated as a controlling parameter to stabilize mean year surface air temperature. It is shown that by this way it is impossible to achieve the space and seasonal uniform approximation to the existing climate, although it is possible significantly reduce the greenhouse warming effect. Climate will be colder at 0.1–0.2 degrees in the low and mid-latitudes and at high latitudes it will be warmer at 0.2–1.2 degrees. The Pareto frontier is investigated and visualized for two parameters — atmospheric temperature mean square deviation for the winter and summer seasons. The Pareto optimal amount of sulfur emissions would be between 23.5 and 26.5 TgS/year.