All issues

We study the computational properties of a parametric class of finite-volume schemes with customizable dissipative properties with splitting by physical processes into Lagrangian, Eulerian, and the final stages (the hybrid large-particle method). The method has a second-order approximation in space and time on smooth solutions. The regularization of a numerical solution at the Lagrangian stage is performed by nonlinear correction of artificial viscosity. Regardless of the grid resolution, the artificial viscosity value tends to zero outside the zone of discontinuities and extremes in the solution. At Eulerian and final stages, primitive variables (density, velocity, and total energy) are first reconstructed by an additive combination of upwind and central approximations weighted by a flux limiter. Then numerical divergent fluxes are formed from them. In this case, discrete analogs of conservation laws are performed.

The analysis of dissipative properties of the method using known viscosity and flow limiters, as well as their linear combination, is performed. The resolution of the scheme and the quality of numerical solutions are demonstrated by examples of two-dimensional benchmarks: a gas flow around the step with Mach numbers 3, 10 and 20, the double Mach reflection of a strong shock wave, and the implosion problem. The influence of the scheme viscosity of the method on the numerical reproduction of a gases interface instability is studied. It is found that a decrease of the dissipation level in the implosion problem leads to the symmetric solution destruction and formation of a chaotic instability on the contact surface.

Numerical solutions are compared with the results of other authors obtained using higher-order approximation schemes: CABARET, HLLC (Harten Lax van Leer Contact), CFLFh (CFLF hybrid scheme), JT (centered scheme with limiter by Jiang and Tadmor), PPM (Piecewise Parabolic Method), WENO5 (weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme), RKGD (Runge –Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin), hybrid weighted nonlinear schemes CCSSR-HW4 and CCSSR-HW6. The advantages of the hybrid large-particle method include extended possibilities for solving hyperbolic and mixed types of problems, a good ratio of dissipative and dispersive properties, a combination of algorithmic simplicity and high resolution in problems with complex shock-wave structure, both instability and vortex formation at interfaces.

For a non-homogeneous model transport equation with source terms, the stability analysis of a linear hybrid scheme (a combination of upwind and central approximations) is performed. Stability conditions are obtained that depend on the hybridity parameter, the source intensity factor (the product of intensity per time step), and the weight coefficient of the linear combination of source power on the lower- and upper-time layer. In a nonlinear case for the non-equilibrium by velocities and temperatures equations of gas suspension motion, the linear stability analysis was confirmed by calculation. It is established that the maximum permissible Courant number of the hybrid large-particle method of the second order of accuracy in space and time with an implicit account of friction and heat exchange between gas and particles does not depend on the intensity factor of interface interactions, the grid spacing and the relaxation times of phases (K-stability). In the traditional case of an explicit method for calculating the source terms, when a dimensionless intensity factor greater than 10, there is a catastrophic (by several orders of magnitude) decrease in the maximum permissible Courant number, in which the calculated time step becomes unacceptably small.

On the basic ratios of Riemann’s problem in the equilibrium heterogeneous medium, we obtained an asymptotically exact self-similar solution of the problem of interaction of a shock wave with a layer of gas-suspension to which converge the numerical solution of two-velocity two-temperature dynamics of gassuspension when reducing the size of dispersed particles.

The dynamics of the shock wave in gas and its interaction with a limited gas suspension layer for different sizes of dispersed particles: 0.1, 2, and 20 ìm were studied. The problem is characterized by two discontinuities decay: reflected and refracted shock waves at the left boundary of the layer, reflected rarefaction wave, and a past shock wave at the right contact edge. The influence of relaxation processes (dimensionless phase relaxation times) to the flow of a gas suspension is discussed. For small particles, the times of equalization of the velocities and temperatures of the phases are small, and the relaxation zones are sub-grid. The numerical solution at characteristic points converges with relative accuracy $O \, (10^{-4})$ to self-similar solutions.

One of the numerical methods for solving problems of scattering of electromagnetic waves by systems formed by parallel oriented cylindrical elements — two-dimensional photonic crystals — is considered. The method is based on the classical method of separation of variables for solving the wave equation. Тhe essence of the method is to represent the field as the sum of the primary field and the unknown secondary scattered on the elements of the medium field. The mathematical expression for the latter is written in the form of infinite series in elementary wave functions with unknown coefficients. In particular, the field scattered by N elements is sought as the sum of N diffraction series, in which one of the series is composed of the wave functions of one body, and the wave functions in the remaining series are expressed in terms of the eigenfunctions of the first body using addition theorems. From satisfying the boundary conditions on the surface of each element we obtain systems of linear algebraic equations with an infinite number of unknowns — the required expansion coefficients, which are solved by standard methods. A feature of the method is the use of analytical expressions describing diffraction by a single element of the system. In contrast to most numerical methods, this approach allows one to obtain information on the amplitude-phase or spectral characteristics of the field only at local points of the structure. The absence of the need to determine the field parameters in the entire area of space occupied by the considered multi-element system determines the high efficiency of this method. The paper compares the results of calculating the transmission spectra of two-dimensional photonic crystals by the considered method with experimental data and numerical results obtained using other approaches. Their good agreement is demonstrated.

In a number of fundamental and practical problems, it is necessary to describe the dynamics of the motion of complexshaped particles in a high-speed gas flow. An example is the movement of coal particles behind the front of a strong shock wave during an explosion in a coal mine. The paper is devoted to numerical simulation of the dynamics of translational and rotational motion of a square-shaped body, as an example of a particle of a more complex shape than a round one, in a supersonic flow behind a passing shock wave. The formulation of the problem approximately corresponds to the experiments of Professor V. M. Boiko and Professor S. V. Poplavski (ITAM SB RAS).

Mathematical model is based on the two-dimensional Euler equations, which are solved in a region with varying boundaries. The defining system of equations is integrated using an explicit scheme and the Cartesian grid method which was developed and verified earlier. The computational algorithm at the time integration step includes: determining the step value, calculating the dynamics of the body movement (determining the force and moment acting on the body; determining the linear and angular velocities of the body; calculating the new coordinates of the body), calculating the gas parameters. To calculate numerical fluxes through the edges of the cell intersected by the boundaries of the body, we use a two-wave approximation for solving the Riemann problem and the Steger – Warming scheme.

The movement of a square with a side of 6 mm was initiated by the passage of a shock wave with a Mach number of 3,0 propagating in a flat channel 800 mm long and 60 mm wide. The channel was filled with air at low pressure. Different initial orientation of the square relative to the channel axis was considered. It is found that the initial position of the square with its side across the flow is less stable during its movement than the initial position with a diagonal across the flow. In this case, the calculated results qualitatively correspond to experimental observations. For the intermediate initial positions of a square, a typical mode of its motion is described, consisting of oscillations close to harmonic, turning into rotation with a constant average angular velocity. During the movement of the square, there is an average monotonous decrease in the distance between the center of mass and the center of pressure to zero.

A mathematical model of two-phase capillary-nonequilibrium isothermal flows of incompressible phases in a double porosity medium is constructed. A double porosity medium is considered, which is a composition of two porous media with contrasting capillary properties (absolute permeability, capillary pressure). One of the constituent media has high permeability and is conductive, the second is characterized by low permeability and forms an disconnected system of matrix blocks. A feature of the model is to take into account the influence of capillary nonequilibrium on mass transfer between subsystems of double porosity, while the nonequilibrium properties of two-phase flow in the constituent media are described in a linear approximation within the Hassanizadeh model. Homogenization by the method of formal asymptotic expansions leads to a system of partial differential equations, the coefficients of which depend on internal variables determined from the solution of cell problems. Numerical solution of cell problems for a system of partial differential equations is computationally expensive. Therefore, a thermodynamically consistent kinetic equation is formulated for the internal parameter characterizing the phase distribution between the subsystems of double porosity. Dynamic relative phase permeability and capillary pressure in the processes of drainage and impregnation are constructed. It is shown that the capillary nonequilibrium of flows in the constituent subsystems has a strong influence on them. Thus, the analysis and modeling of this factor is important in transfer problems in systems with double porosity.

The article is devoted to modeling the shallow water hydrodynamic processes using the example of the Azov Sea. The article presents a mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of a shallow water body, which allows one to calculate three-dimensional fields of the velocity vector of movement of the aquatic environment. Application of regularizers according to B.N.Chetverushkin in the continuity equation led to a change in the method of calculating the pressure field, based on solving the wave equation. A discrete finite-difference scheme has been constructed for calculating pressure in an area whose linear vertical dimensions are significantly smaller than those in horizontal coordinate directions, which is typical for the geometry of shallow water bodies. The method and algorithm for solving grid equations with a tridiagonal preconditioner are described. The proposed method is used to solve grid equations that arise when calculating pressure for the three-dimensional problem of hydrodynamics of the Azov Sea. It is shown that the proposed method converges faster than the modified alternating triangular method. A parallel implementation of the proposed method for solving grid equations is presented and theoretical and practical estimates of the acceleration of the algorithm are carried out taking into account the latency time of the computing system. The results of computational experiments for solving problems of hydrodynamics of the Sea of Azov using the hybrid MPI + OpenMP technology are presented. The developed models and algorithms were used to reconstruct the environmental disaster that occurred in the Sea of Azov in 2001 and to solve the problem of the movement of the aquatic environment in estuary areas. Numerical experiments were carried out on the K-60 hybrid computing cluster of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences.

The paper simulates a mixture of gases in a multi-stage micro-pump and evaluates its effectiveness at separating the components of the mixture. A device in the form of a long channel with a series of transverse plates is considered. A temperature difference between the sides of the plates induces a radiometric gas flow within the device, and the differences in masses of the gases lead to differences in flow velocities and to the separation of the mixture. Modeling is based on the numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation, for which a splitting scheme is used, i. e., the advection equation and the relaxation problem are solved separately in alternation. The calculation of the collision integral is performed using the conservative projection method. This method ensures the strict fulfillment of the laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as the important asymptotic property of the equality of the integral of the Maxwell function to zero. Explicit first-order and second-order TVD-schemes are used to solve the advection equation. The calculations were performed for a neon-argon mixture using a model of solid spheres with real molecular diameters and masses. Software has been developed to allow calculations on personal computers and cluster systems. The use of parallelization leads to faster computation and constant time per iteration for devices of different sizes, enabling the modeling of large particle systems. It was found that the value of mixture separation, i. e. the ratio of densities at the ends of the device linearly depends on the number of cascades in the device, which makes it possible to estimate separation for multicascade systems, computer modeling of which is impossible. Flows and distributions of gas inside the device during its operation were analyzed. It was demonstrated that devices of this kind with a sufficiently large number of plates are suitable for the separation of gas mixtures, given that they have no moving parts and are quite simple in manufacture and less subject to wear.

An approach to evaluation of a parametric portrait of integral equations of the theory of liquids in the RISM approximation was proposed. To obtain all associated solutions the continuation method was used. The equations reduced to a two-centered molecule model for symmetry reasons were deduced for molecular liquids. For molecular liquids, some equations were obtained which could be reduced, for symmetry reasons, to a two-center molecular model. To avoid critical points we changed the dependence of RISM-equations on reverse compressibility. The suggested method was used to perform numerical computations of methane reverse compressibility isotherms with three closures. No bifurcation of solutions was observed in the case of the partially linearized hypernetted chain closure. For other closures bifurcations of solutions were obtained and the model behavior nontypical for simple liquids was observed. In the case of Percus-Yevick closure nonphysical solutions were obtained at low temperature and density. Additional solution branch with a kink in the bifurcation point was obtained in the case of hypernetted chain closure at temperature above the critical point.

This paper presents a method for obtaining fractal signals using fractal splines similar to signals generated by fractal functions. The hypothesis about the identity of discrete fractal functions and linear fractal splines is justified. There are considered the features of planning matrix calculation of cumulative fractal spline, examples of generated curves are shown.

The problem is formulated for description of objects having various natures which uses a system of linear equations with variable number exceeding the number of the equations. An important feature of this problem that substantially complicates its solving is the existing of restrictions imposed on a number of the variables. In particular, the choice of biochemical reaction aggregate that converts a preset substrate (a feedstock) into a preset product belongs to this kind of problems. In this case, unknown variables are the rates of biochemical reactions which form a vector to be determined. Components of this vector are subdivided into two groups: 1) the defined components, $\vec{y}$; 2) those dependent on the defined ones, $\vec{x}$. Possible configurations of the domain of $\vec{y}$ values permitted by restrictions imposed upon $\vec{x}$ components have been studied. It has been found that a part of restrictions may be superfluous and, therefore, unnecessary for the problem solving. Situations are analyzed when two or more $\vec{x}$ restrictions result in strict interconnections between $\vec{y}$ components. Methods of search of the basis solutions which take into account the peculiarities of this problem are described. Statement of the general problem and properties of its solutions are illustrated using a biochemical example.