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The paper presents the physical and mathematical formulation of the problems of internal ballistics of an artillery shot for a charge consisting of a set of powder tubes and their stress-strain state. Combustion and movement of a bundle of powder tubes along the barrel channel is modeled by an equivalent tubular charge of all-round combustion. It is assumed that the equivalent tube moves along the axis of the bore. The speed of movement of an equivalent tubular charge and its current position are determined from Newton’s second law. When calculating the flow parameters, two-dimensional axisymmetric equations of gas dynamics were used, for the solution of which an axisymmetric orthogonalized difference grid is constructed, which adapts to the flow conditions. The control volume method is used to numerically solve the system of gas-dynamic equations. The gas parameters at the boundaries of the control volumes are determined using a self-similar solution to the Godunov’s problem of the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity. The stress-strain state is modeled for a separate burning powder tube located in the field of gas-dynamic parameters. The calculation of the gas-dynamic parameters of the shot is carried out without taking into account the deformed state of the powder elements. The behavior of powder elements during firing is considered under these conditions. The finite element method with the division of the calculation area into triangular elements is used to solve the problem of elasticity. In the process of powder tube burnout, the computational grid on each time layer of the dynamic problem is completely updated due to a change in the boundaries of the powder element due to combustion. The paper shows the time dependences of the parameters of the internal ballistics process and the stress-strain state of powder elements, as well as the distribution of the main parameters of the flow of combustion products at different points in time. It has been established that the tubular powder elements during the shot experience significant deformations, which must be taken into account when solving the basic problem of internal ballistics. The data obtained give an idea of the level of equivalent stresses acting at various points of the powder element. The results obtained indicate the relevance of the conjugate formulation of the problem of gas dynamics and the stress-strain state for charges consisting of tubular powders, since this allows a new approach to the design of tubular charges and opens up the possibility of determining the parameters on which the physics of the combustion process of gunpowder significantly depends, therefore, and the dynamics of the shot process.

The paper presents the results of three-dimensional numerical simulation of thermal-hydraulic processes in the Intermediate Heat Exchanger of the advanced Sodium-Cooled Fast-Neutron (BN) Reactor considering a developed methodological approach.

The Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) is located in the reactor vessel and intended to transfer heat from the primary sodium circulating on the shell side to the secondary sodium circulating on the tube side. In case of an integral layout of the primary equipment in the BN reactor, upstream the IHX inlet windows there is a temperature stratification of the coolant due to incomplete mixing of different temperature flows at the core outlet. Inside the IHX, in the area of the input and output windows, a complex longitudinal and transverse flow of the coolant also takes place resulting in an uneven distribution of the coolant flow rate on the tube side and, as a consequence, in an uneven temperature distribution and heat transfer efficiency along the height and radius of the tube bundle.

In order to confirm the thermal-hydraulic parameters of the IHX of the advanced BN reactor applied in the design, a methodological approach for three-dimensional numerical simulation of the heat exchanger located in the reactor vessel was developed, taking into account the three-dimensional sodium flow pattern at the IHX inlet and inside the IHX, as well as justifying the recommendations for simplifying the geometry of the computational model of the IHX.

Numerical simulation of thermal-hydraulic processes in the IHX of the advanced BN reactor was carried out using the FlowVision software package with the standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model and the LMS turbulent heat transfer model.

To increase the representativeness of numerical simulation of the IHX tube bundle, verification calculations of singletube and multi-tube sodium-sodium heat exchangers were performed with the geometric characteristics corresponding to the IHX design.

To determine the input boundary conditions in the IHX model, an additional three-dimensional calculation was performed taking into account the uneven flow pattern in the upper mixing chamber of the reactor.

The IHX computational model was optimized by simplifying spacer belts and selecting a sector model.

As a result of numerical simulation of the IHX, the distributions of the primary sodium velocity and primary and secondary sodium temperature were obtained. Satisfactory agreement of the calculation results with the design data on integral parameters confirmed the adopted design thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the IHX of the advanced BN reactor.

This article presents the results of an analytical and computer study of the chaotic evolution of a regular velocity field generated by a large-scale harmonic forcing. The authors obtained an analytical solution for the flow stream function and its derivative quantities (velocity, vorticity, kinetic energy, enstrophy and palinstrophy). Numerical modeling of the flow evolution was carried out using the OpenFOAM software package based on incompressible model, as well as two inhouse implementations of CABARET and McCormack methods employing nearly incompressible formulation. Calculations were carried out on a sequence of nested meshes with 64², 128², 256², 512², 1024² cells for two characteristic (asymptotic) Reynolds numbers characterizing laminar and turbulent evolution of the flow, respectively. Simulations show that blow-up of the analytical solution takes place in both cases. The energy characteristics of the flow are discussed relying upon the energy curves as well as the dissipation rates. For the fine mesh, this quantity turns out to be several orders of magnitude less than its hydrodynamic (viscous) counterpart. Destruction of the regular flow structure is observed for any of the numerical methods, including at the late stages of laminar evolution, when numerically obtained distributions are close to analytics. It can be assumed that the prerequisite for the development of instability is the error accumulated during the calculation process. This error leads to unevenness in the distribution of vorticity and, as a consequence, to the variance vortex intensity and finally leads to chaotization of the flow. To study the processes of vorticity production, we used two integral vorticity-based quantities — integral enstrophy ($\zeta$) and palinstrophy $(P)$. The formulation of the problem with periodic boundary conditions allows us to establish a simple connection between these quantities. In addition, $\zeta$ can act as a measure of the eddy resolution of the numerical method, and palinstrophy determines the degree of production of small-scale vorticity.

The paper simulates a mixture of gases in a multi-stage micro-pump and evaluates its effectiveness at separating the components of the mixture. A device in the form of a long channel with a series of transverse plates is considered. A temperature difference between the sides of the plates induces a radiometric gas flow within the device, and the differences in masses of the gases lead to differences in flow velocities and to the separation of the mixture. Modeling is based on the numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation, for which a splitting scheme is used, i. e., the advection equation and the relaxation problem are solved separately in alternation. The calculation of the collision integral is performed using the conservative projection method. This method ensures the strict fulfillment of the laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as the important asymptotic property of the equality of the integral of the Maxwell function to zero. Explicit first-order and second-order TVD-schemes are used to solve the advection equation. The calculations were performed for a neon-argon mixture using a model of solid spheres with real molecular diameters and masses. Software has been developed to allow calculations on personal computers and cluster systems. The use of parallelization leads to faster computation and constant time per iteration for devices of different sizes, enabling the modeling of large particle systems. It was found that the value of mixture separation, i. e. the ratio of densities at the ends of the device linearly depends on the number of cascades in the device, which makes it possible to estimate separation for multicascade systems, computer modeling of which is impossible. Flows and distributions of gas inside the device during its operation were analyzed. It was demonstrated that devices of this kind with a sufficiently large number of plates are suitable for the separation of gas mixtures, given that they have no moving parts and are quite simple in manufacture and less subject to wear.

The Fourier transformation is the basic tool for evaluating the spectral characteristics of a turbulent flow. The Fourier transform (usually discrete) of the first power of the longitudinal or transverse component of the velocity vector pulsations allows estimation of the energy spectral density (ESD) or power spectral density (PSD). To estimate the ESD and PSD of a turbulent signal obtained from numerical simulation, an array of signal values with discretization in the time or spatial domain is generated. The reference distribution of the ESD spectrum (scaling law) within the wave number domain of the inertial subrange is derived from two hypotheses proposed by A.N. Kolmogorov and is characterized by the $−\frac{5}{3}$ law. The $-\frac{5}{3}$ law is also used in most references to estimate the ESD distribution in the frequency domain. The distribution of the power spectrum PSD is derived from the distribution of the energy spectrum ESD by normalizing to the signal scanning time. An alternative energy spectral characteristic (ESS) of velocity fluctuations can be determined by the Fourier transform of the square of the velocity fluctuations. In the wave numbers domain, the dimension of ESS in the spatial domain coincides with the dimension of A.N. Kolmogorov's $−\frac{5}{3}$ law. When considering a signal sampled in the time domain, a scaling law of $−2$ for ESS was previously obtained in the frequency domain. An alternative estimate of the Power Signal Spectrum (PSS) is discussed in this paper based on the Fourier transform of the third-order velocity pulsations. Based on the hypotheses proposed by A.N.Kolmogorov, it can be inferred that in the frequency domain, the scaling law of the PSS spectrum is characterized by the power of $−\frac{5}{2}$. Unsteady incompressible flow around a 3D cylindrical surface section at the Reynolds number of 3900 is considered as an application. The numerical simulation is performed using ANSYS Fluent commercial code and based on the Navier – Stokes equations. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the turbulent flow velocity vector are analyzed using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The Fourier transform is used to estimate the ESS and PSS of a time-sampled signal.

For the first time, numerical modeling has determined the mechanism of the initiated-by-cavitation rise of the liquid level in tubes and capillaries, known as the laser-induced optocapillary effect, as well as its analogues — the acoustocapillary and plasmocapillary effects. It is shown that the key condition for the occurrence of the liquid rise is the asymmetric collapse of a single relatively large cavitation bubble inside a vertically oriented tube or capillary. The proximity of boundaries (the tube wall, the fiber optic tip, and others) disrupts the spherical symmetry of the bubble during its collapse, leading to the appearance of a liquid flow that rolls up into a long-lived toroidal vortex ring. Due to viscous entrainment of the surrounding medium, the vortex generates a directed liquid flow upward and also ensures the suction of a new portion of liquid through the open lower end of the tube. The simulation results show that the characteristic lifetime of the toroidal vortex significantly exceeds the duration of the growth and collapse stages of the cavitation bubble that generated it. It is demonstrated that the rise of the liquid level in the tube does not begin at the moment of bubble expansion, but after its complete disappearance, and continues over a relatively long period due to the inertia of the vortex motion. This result is in complete agreement with experimental data, confirming the validity of the proposed mechanism.

The study investigated the practically significant configuration of the laser-induced optocapillary effect using an optical fiber. This configuration opens broad prospects for technical and medical applications, particularly in laser surgery. The investigated mechanism can be used to create cavitation pumps — effective tools for cleaning technical surfaces and wound surfaces, where the process of removing damaged tissue and foreign bodies due to thermal exposure will be accompanied by the removal of debris through the tube, significantly increasing the efficiency and safety of the procedure.

The obtained results represent the first consistent explanation for a class of cavitation-induced capillary phenomena and create a foundation for their controlled application in biomedical and microfluidic technologies.

The paper discusses the possibility of modeling the strength anisotropy of layered elastic medium using a scalar damage parameter. Thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations are formulated. Using SIMULIA / Abaqus we numerically simulated the stretching and compression of the samples. The results of calculation using the proposed model are compared with the known experimental data from the literature and the predictions of traditional models.

In this work, we propose a method of the numerical solution of the magnetostatic problem for domains with boundaries containing corners. With the help of this numerical method, the magnetic systems of rectangular configuration were simulated with high accuracy. In particular, the calculations of some modifications of the magnetic system SP-40 used in the NIS JINR experimental installation, are presented. The basic feature of such a magnet is a rectangular aperture, hence, the area in which the boundary-value problem is solved, has a smooth border everywhere, except for a finite number of angular points in the vicinity of which the border is formed by crossing two smooth curves. In such cases the solution to the problem or derivatives of the solution can have a special feature. A behavior of the magnetic field in the vicinity of an angular point is investigated, and the configuration of the magnet was chosen numerically. The width of the area of homogeneity of the magnetic field increased from 0.5 m up to 1.0 m, i. e. twice.

Numerical analysis of the effects of the local heat source shape on transient natural convection in a square enclosure has been carried out. The local heat source has rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal shape. The boundary value problem formulated in the dimensionless variables such as stream function, vorticity and temperature by using the Boussinesq approximation has been solved by means of finite difference method. Distributions of streamlines and isotherms and time dependences for the average Nusselt number along the heat source surface in a wide range of governing parameters have been obtained.

At numerical solving of the boundary-value problem of magnetostatic in a domain with a boundary corner point, a question of accuracy of the obtained solution near the corner point of ferromagnetic arises [Zhidkov, Perepelkin, 2001]. Near the corner point an essential growth of the module of the magnetic field can take place, which leads to the necessity of constructing special numerical algorithms when solving the boundary-value problem. This work represents an algorithm of constructing an adaptive mesh in the domain with a boundary corner point of ferromagnetic taking into account the character of behaviour of the solution of the boundary-value problem. An example of calculating a model problem in the domain containing a corner point is given.