All issues

In this article, a meshfree-spectral method for numerical investigation of dynamics of planar geophysical flows is proposed. We investigate inviscid incompressible fluid flows with the presence of planetary rotation. Mathematically this problem is described by the non-steady system of two partial differential equations in terms of stream and vorticity functions with different boundary conditions (closed flow region and periodic conditions). The proposed method is based on several assumptions. First of all, the vorticity field is given by its values on the set of particles. The function of vorticity distribution is approximated by piecewise cubic polynomials. Coefficients of polynomials are found by least squares method. The stream function is calculated by using the spectral global Bubnov –Galerkin method at each time step.

The dynamics of fluid particles is calculated by pseudo-symplectic Runge –Kutta method. A detailed version of the method for periodic boundary conditions is described in this article for the first time. The adequacy of numerical scheme was examined on test examples. The dynamics of the configuration of four identical circular vortex patches with constant vorticity located at the vertices of a square with a center at the pole is investigated by numerical experiments. The effect of planetary rotation and the radius of patches on the dynamics and formation of vortex structures is studied. It is shown that, depending on the direction of rotation, the Coriolis force can enhance or slow down the processes of interaction and mixing of the distributed vortices. At large radii the vortex structure does not stabilize.

As part of the paper, a physical and theoretical analysis of the impact processes of various factors of a highaltitude and high-energy nuclear explosion on the asteroid in extra-atmospheric conditions of open space is done. It is shown that, in accordance with the energy and permeability of the plasma of explosion products, X-ray and gamma-neutron radiation, a layered structure with a different energy density depending on angular coordinates is formed on the surface of the asteroid. The temporal patterns of the energy transformation for each layer is clarified and the roles of various photo- and collision processes are determined. The effect of a high-speed plasma flow is erosive in nature, and the plasma pulse is transmitted to the asteroid. The paper presents that in a thin layer of x-ray absorption, the asteroid substance is heated to high temperatures and as a result of its expansion, a recoil impulse is formed, which is not decisive due to the small mass of the expanding high-temperature plasma. Calculations shows that the main impulse received by an asteroid is associated with the entrainment of a heated layer of a substance formed by a neutron flux (7.5 E 10¹⁴ g E cm/s). It is shown that an asteroid with a radius of ~100 m acquires a velocity of . 100 cm/s. The calculations were performed taking into account the explosion energy spent on the destruction of the amorphous structure of the asteroid material (~1 eV/atom = 3.8 E 10¹⁰ erg/g) and ionization in the region of the high-temperature layer. Based on a similar analysis, an approximation is obtained for estimating the average size of fragments in the event of the possible destruction of the asteroid by shock waves generated inside it under the influence of pressure impulses. A physical experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions, simulating the fragmentation of a stone asteroid and confirming the validity of the obtained dependence on the selected values of certain parameters. As a result of numerical studies of the effects of the explosion, carried out at different distances from the surface of the asteroid, it is shown that taking into account the real geometry of the spallation layer gives the optimal height for the formation of the maximum asteroid momentum by a factor of 1.5 greater than similar estimates according to the simplified model. A two-stage concept of the impact of nuclear explosions on an asteroid using radar guidance tools is proposed. The paper analyzes the possible impact of the emerging ionization interference on the radar tracking of the movement of large fragments of the asteroid in the space-time evolution of all elements of the studied dynamic system.

In this paper, a time-dependent natural convective heat transfer in a closed square cavity filled with non- Newtonian fluid was considered in the presence of an isothermal energy source located on the lower wall of the region under consideration. The vertical boundaries were kept at constant low temperature, while the horizontal walls were completely insulated. The behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid was described by the Ostwald de Ville power law. The process under study was described by transient partial differential equations using dimensionless non-primitive variables “stream function – vorticity – temperature”. This method allows excluding the pressure field from the number of unknown parameters, while the non-dimensionalization allows generalizing the obtained results to a variety of physical formulations. The considered mathematical model with the corresponding boundary conditions was solved on the basis of the finite difference method. The algebraic equation for the stream function was solved by the method of successive lower relaxation. Discrete analogs of the vorticity equation and energy equation were solved by the Thomas algorithm. The developed numerical algorithm was tested in detail on a class of model problems and good agreement with other authors was achieved. Also during the study, the mesh sensitivity analysis was performed that allows choosing the optimal mesh.

As a result of numerical simulation of unsteady natural convection of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid in a closed square cavity with a local isothermal energy source, the influence of governing parameters was analyzed including the impact of the Rayleigh number in the range 104–106, power-law index $n = 0.6–1.4$, and also the position of the heating element on the flow structure and heat transfer performance inside the cavity. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the obtained distributions of streamlines and isotherms in the cavity, as well as on the basis of the dependences of the average Nusselt number. As a result, it was established that pseudoplastic fluids $(n < 1)$ intensify heat removal from the heater surface. The increase in the Rayleigh number and the central location of the heating element also correspond to the effective cooling of the heat source.

The paper provides the mathematical and numerical models of the interrelated thermo- and hydrodynamic processes in the operational mode of development the unified oil-producing complex during the hydrogel flooding of the non-uniform oil reservoir exploited with a system of arbitrarily located injecting wells and producing wells equipped with submersible multistage electrical centrifugal pumps. A special feature of our approach is the modeling of the special ground-based equipment operation (control stations of submersible pumps, drossel devices on the head of producing wells), designed to regulate the operation modes of both the whole complex and its individual elements.

The complete differential model includes equations governing non-stationary two-phase five-component filtration in the reservoir, quasi-stationary heat and mass transfer in the wells and working channels of pumps. Special non-linear boundary conditions and dependencies simulate, respectively, the influence of the drossel diameter on the flow rate and pressure at the wellhead of each producing well and the frequency electric current on the performance characteristics of the submersible pump unit. Oil field development is also regulated by the change in bottom-hole pressure of each injection well, concentration of the gel-forming components pumping into the reservoir, their total volume and duration of injection. The problem is solved numerically using conservative difference schemes constructed on the base of the finite difference method, and developed iterative algorithms oriented on the parallel computing technologies. Numerical model is implemented in a software package which can be considered as the «Intellectual System of Wells» for the virtual control the oil field development.

Flexible woven composites are classified as high-tech innovative materials. Due to the combination of various components of the filler and reinforcement elements, such materials are used in construction, in the defense industry, in shipbuilding and aircraft construction, etc. In the domestic literature, insufficient attention is paid to woven composites that change their geometric structure of the reinforcing layer during deformation. This paper presents an analysis of the previously proposed complex approach to modeling the behavior of flexible woven composites under static uniaxial tension for further generalization of the approach to biaxial tension. The work is aimed at qualitative and quantitative description of mechanical deformation processes occurring in the structure of the studied materials under tension, which include straightening the strands of the reinforcing layer and increasing the value of mutual pressure of the cross-lying reinforcement strands. At the beginning of the deformation process, the straightening of the threads and the increase in mutual pressure of the threads are most intense. With the increase in the level of load, the change of these parameters slows down. For example, the bending of the reinforcement strands goes into the Central tension, and the value of the load from the mutual pressure is no longer increased (tends to constant). To simulate the described processes, the basic geometrical and mechanical parameters of the material affecting the process of forming are introduced, the necessary terminology and description of the characteristics are given. Due to the high geometric nonlinearity of the all processes described in the increments, as in the initial load values there is a significant deformation of the reinforcing layer. For the quantitative and qualitative description of mechanical deformation processes occurring in the reinforcing layer, analytical dependences are derived to determine the increment of the angle of straightening of reinforcement filaments and the load caused by the mutual pressure of the cross-lying filaments at each step of the load increment. For testing of obtained dependencies shows an example of their application for flexible woven composites brands VP4126, VP6131 and VP6545. The simulation results confirmed the assumptions about the processes of straightening the threads and slowing the increase in mutual pressure of the threads. The results and dependences presented in this paper are directly related to the further generalization of the previously proposed analytical models for biaxial tension, since stretching in two directions will significantly reduce the straightening of the threads and increase the amount of mutual pressure under similar loads.

This article studies a method of constructing a predictive neural network model of a time series based on determining the composition of input variables, constructing a training sample and training itself using the back propagation method. Traditional methods of constructing predictive models of the time series are: the autoregressive model, the moving average model or the autoregressive model — the moving average allows us to approximate the time series by a linear dependence of the current value of the output variable on a number of its previous values. Such a limitation as linearity of dependence leads to significant errors in forecasting.

Mining Technologies using neural network modeling make it possible to approximate the time series by a nonlinear dependence. Moreover, the process of constructing of a neural network model (determining the composition of input variables, the number of layers and the number of neurons in the layers, choosing the activation functions of neurons, determining the optimal values of the neuron link weights) allows us to obtain a predictive model in the form of an analytical nonlinear dependence.

The determination of the composition of input variables of neural network models is one of the key points in the construction of neural network models in various application areas that affect its adequacy. The composition of the input variables is traditionally selected from some physical considerations or by the selection method. In this work it is proposed to use the behavior of the autocorrelation and private autocorrelation functions for the task of determining the composition of the input variables of the predictive neural network model of the time series.

In this work is proposed a method for determining the composition of input variables of neural network models for stationary and non-stationary time series, based on the construction and analysis of autocorrelation functions. Based on the proposed method in the Python programming environment are developed an algorithm and a program, determining the composition of the input variables of the predictive neural network model — the perceptron, as well as building the model itself. The proposed method was experimentally tested using the example of constructing a predictive neural network model of a time series that reflects energy consumption in different regions of the United States, openly published by PJM Interconnection LLC (PJM) — a regional network organization in the United States. This time series is non-stationary and is characterized by the presence of both a trend and seasonality. Prediction of the next values of the time series based on previous values and the constructed neural network model showed high approximation accuracy, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The propagation of stable coherent entities of an electromagnetic field in nonlinear media with parameters varying in space can be described in the framework of iterations of nonlinear integral transformations. It is shown that for a set of geometries relevant to typical problems of nonlinear optics, numerical modeling by reducing to dynamical systems with discrete time and continuous spatial variables to iterates of local nonlinear Feigenbaum and Ikeda mappings and nonlocal diffusion-dispersion linear integral transforms is equivalent to partial differential equations of the Ginzburg–Landau type in a fairly wide range of parameters. Such nonlocal mappings, which are the products of matrix operators in the numerical implementation, turn out to be stable numerical- difference schemes, provide fast convergence and an adequate approximation of solutions. The realism of this approach allows one to take into account the effect of noise on nonlinear dynamics by superimposing a spatial noise specified in the form of a multimode random process at each iteration and selecting the stable wave configurations. The nonlinear wave formations described by this method include optical phase singularities, spatial solitons, and turbulent states with fast decay of correlations. The particular interest is in the periodic configurations of the electromagnetic field obtained by this numerical method that arise as a result of phase synchronization, such as optical lattices and self-organized vortex clusters.

The paper describes an analytical study of hydrodynamic processes taking place in the course of coolant flow through a fuel assembly of the core of a fast neutron sodium-cooled reactor. Within the framework of the study, a procedure and an analytical model were developed based on program complex FlowVision of computational fluid dynamics, which, using proved simplifications, permits to obtain a coefficient of rod lifting margin of a fuel assembly and to study hydrodynamic characteristics of processes taking place in the course of simulation of different initial events influencing motion of a reactor core fuel assembly.

For analytical justification a fuel assembly model was developed, which is equivalent by hydraulic resistance values and permits not to simulate explicitly a complicated full-scale fuel assembly design, thus, decreasing a number of computational cells in the model and, as a result, reducing computational and time resources.

Hydraulic parameters of the equivalent fuel assembly model in program complex FlowVision were analyzed in two stages. At the first stage, to determine the minimum rod lifting margin coefficient of a fuel assembly, steady-state analyses were performed, where various flowrate values were assigned at the model inlet and forces acting upon the assembly were analyzed. A series of dynamic mode analyses was performed at the second stage. Jump-like pressure increase being the initial event which could occur hypothetically in the fast neutron sodium cooled reactor plant was assigned in these modes. Hydrodynamic parameters and forces acting upon the fuel assembly were determined.

The results of the first stage of the analytical study proved the minimum coefficient of rod lifting margin of a fuel assembly of the fast neutron reactor justified in reactor plant design documentation. As a result of the second stage of the study, conclusions were made on impossibility for the fuel assembly to move at the initial event associated with jump-like pressure increase in the reactor pressure chamber.

The study presented in the paper is devoted to the problem of finite graph exploration using a collective of agents. Finite non-oriented graphs without loops and multiple edges are considered in this paper. The collective of agents consists of two agents-researchers, who have a finite memory independent of the number of nodes of the graph studied by them and use two colors each (three colors are used in the aggregate) and one agentexperimental, who has a finite, unlimitedly growing internal memory. Agents-researches can simultaneously traverse the graph, read and change labels of graph elements, and also transmit the necessary information to a third agent — the agent-experimenter. An agent-experimenter is a non-moving agent in whose memory the result of the functioning of agents-researchers at each step is recorded and, also, a representation of the investigated graph (initially unknown to agents) is gradually built up with a list of edges and a list of nodes.

The work includes detail describes of the operating modes of agents-researchers with an indication of the priority of their activation. The commands exchanged between agents-researchers and an agent-experimenter during the execution of procedures are considered. Problematic situations arising in the work of agentsresearchers are also studied in detail, for example, staining a white vertex, when two agents simultaneously fall into the same node, or marking and examining the isthmus (edges connecting subgraphs examined by different agents-researchers), etc. The full algorithm of the agent-experimenter is presented with a detailed description of the processing of messages received from agents-researchers, on the basis of which a representation of the studied graph is built. In addition, a complete analysis of the time, space, and communication complexities of the constructed algorithm was performed.

The presented graph exploration algorithm has a quadratic (with respect to the number of nodes of the studied graph) time complexity, quadratic space complexity, and quadratic communication complexity. The graph exploration algorithm is based on the depth-first traversal method.

Under increasing loading and at a constant temperature shape memory solids become deformed in an ideal elastic plastic way as other metals, and the maximum elastic strains are much less than the ultimate plastic ones. The shape is restored at the elevated temperature and low stress level. Phenomenologically, the «reverse» deformation is equivalent to the change in shape under active loading up to sign. Plastic deformation plays a leading role in a non-elastic process; thus, the mechanical behavior should be analyzed within the ideal rigid-plastic model with two loading surfaces. In this model two physical states of the material correspond to the loading surfaces: plastic flow under high stresses and melting at a relatively low temperature. The second section poses a problem of deformation of rigid-plastic bodies at the constant temperature in two forms: as a principle of virtual velocities with the von Mises yield condition and as a requirement of the minimum dissipative functionаl. The equivalence of the accepted definitions and the existence of the generalized solutions is proved for both principles. The third section studies the rigid-plastic model of the solid at the variable temperature with two loading surfaces. For the assumed model two optimal principles are defined that link the external loads and the displacement velocities of the solid points both under active loading and in the process of shape restoration under heating. The existence of generalized velocities is proved for the wide variety of 3D domains. The connection between the variational principles and the variable temperature is ensured by inclusion of the first and second principles of thermodynamics in the calculation model. It is essential that only the phenomenological description of the phenomenon is used in the proving process. The austenite-tomartensite transformations of alloys, which are often the key elements in explanations of the mechanical behavior of shape memory materials, are not used here. The fourth section includes the definition of the shape memory materials as solids with two loading surfaces and proves the existence of solutions within the accepted restrictions. The adequacy of the model and the experiments on deformation of shape memory materials is demonstrated. In the conclusion mathematical problems that could be interesting for future research are defined.