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An overview is given for identification criteria of tip vortices, trailing from lifting surfaces of aircraft. $Q$-distribution is used as the main vortex identification method in this work. According to the definition of Q-criterion, the vortex core is bounded by a surface on which the norm of the vorticity tensor is equal to the norm of the strain-rate tensor. Moreover, following conditions are satisfied inside of the vortex core: (i) net (non-zero) vorticity tensor; (ii) the geometry of the identified vortex core should be Galilean invariant. Based on the existing analytical vortex models, a vortex center of a twodimensional vortex is defined as a point, where the $Q$-distribution reaches a maximum value and it is much greater than the norm of the strain-rate tensor (for an axisymmetric 2D vortex, the norm of the vorticity tensor tends to zero at the vortex center). Since the existence of the vortex axis is discussed by various authors and it seems to be a fairly natural requirement in the analysis of vortices, the above-mentioned conditions (i), (ii) can be supplemented with a third condition (iii): the vortex core in a three-dimensional flow must contain a vortex axis. Flows, having axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric (in particular, elliptic) vortex cores in 2D cross-sections, are analyzed. It is shown that in such cases $Q$-distribution can be used to obtain not only the boundary of the vortex core, but also to determine the axis of the vortex. These concepts are illustrated using the numerical simulation results for a finite span wing flow-field, obtained using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier – Stokes (RANS) equations with $k-\omega$ turbulence model.

For the first time, numerical modeling has determined the mechanism of the initiated-by-cavitation rise of the liquid level in tubes and capillaries, known as the laser-induced optocapillary effect, as well as its analogues — the acoustocapillary and plasmocapillary effects. It is shown that the key condition for the occurrence of the liquid rise is the asymmetric collapse of a single relatively large cavitation bubble inside a vertically oriented tube or capillary. The proximity of boundaries (the tube wall, the fiber optic tip, and others) disrupts the spherical symmetry of the bubble during its collapse, leading to the appearance of a liquid flow that rolls up into a long-lived toroidal vortex ring. Due to viscous entrainment of the surrounding medium, the vortex generates a directed liquid flow upward and also ensures the suction of a new portion of liquid through the open lower end of the tube. The simulation results show that the characteristic lifetime of the toroidal vortex significantly exceeds the duration of the growth and collapse stages of the cavitation bubble that generated it. It is demonstrated that the rise of the liquid level in the tube does not begin at the moment of bubble expansion, but after its complete disappearance, and continues over a relatively long period due to the inertia of the vortex motion. This result is in complete agreement with experimental data, confirming the validity of the proposed mechanism.

The study investigated the practically significant configuration of the laser-induced optocapillary effect using an optical fiber. This configuration opens broad prospects for technical and medical applications, particularly in laser surgery. The investigated mechanism can be used to create cavitation pumps — effective tools for cleaning technical surfaces and wound surfaces, where the process of removing damaged tissue and foreign bodies due to thermal exposure will be accompanied by the removal of debris through the tube, significantly increasing the efficiency and safety of the procedure.

The obtained results represent the first consistent explanation for a class of cavitation-induced capillary phenomena and create a foundation for their controlled application in biomedical and microfluidic technologies.