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An overview is given for identification criteria of tip vortices, trailing from lifting surfaces of aircraft. $Q$-distribution is used as the main vortex identification method in this work. According to the definition of Q-criterion, the vortex core is bounded by a surface on which the norm of the vorticity tensor is equal to the norm of the strain-rate tensor. Moreover, following conditions are satisfied inside of the vortex core: (i) net (non-zero) vorticity tensor; (ii) the geometry of the identified vortex core should be Galilean invariant. Based on the existing analytical vortex models, a vortex center of a twodimensional vortex is defined as a point, where the $Q$-distribution reaches a maximum value and it is much greater than the norm of the strain-rate tensor (for an axisymmetric 2D vortex, the norm of the vorticity tensor tends to zero at the vortex center). Since the existence of the vortex axis is discussed by various authors and it seems to be a fairly natural requirement in the analysis of vortices, the above-mentioned conditions (i), (ii) can be supplemented with a third condition (iii): the vortex core in a three-dimensional flow must contain a vortex axis. Flows, having axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric (in particular, elliptic) vortex cores in 2D cross-sections, are analyzed. It is shown that in such cases $Q$-distribution can be used to obtain not only the boundary of the vortex core, but also to determine the axis of the vortex. These concepts are illustrated using the numerical simulation results for a finite span wing flow-field, obtained using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier – Stokes (RANS) equations with $k-\omega$ turbulence model.

Modeling of channel processes in the study of coastal channel deformations requires the calculation of hydrodynamic flow parameters that take into account the existence of secondary transverse currents formed at channel curvature. Three-dimensional modeling of such processes is currently possible only for small model channels; for real river flows, reduced-dimensional models are needed. At the same time, the reduction of the problem from a three-dimensional model of the river flow movement to a two-dimensional flow model in the cross-section assumes that the hydrodynamic flow under consideration is quasi-stationary and the hypotheses about the asymptotic behavior of the flow along the flow coordinate of the cross-section are fulfilled for it. Taking into account these restrictions, a mathematical model of the problem of the a stationary turbulent calm river flow movement in a channel cross-section is formulated. The problem is formulated in a mixed formulation of velocity — “vortex – stream function”. As additional conditions for problem reducing, it is necessary to specify boundary conditions on the flow free surface for the velocity field, determined in the normal and tangential direction to the cross-section axis. It is assumed that the values of these velocities should be determined from the solution of auxiliary problems or obtained from field or experimental measurement data.

To solve the formulated problem, the finite element method in the Petrov – Galerkin formulation is used. Discrete analogue of the problem is obtained and an algorithm for solving it is proposed. Numerical studies have shown that, in general, the results obtained are in good agreement with known experimental data. The authors associate the obtained errors with the need to more accurately determine the circulation velocities field at crosssection of the flow by selecting and calibrating a more appropriate model for calculating turbulent viscosity and boundary conditions at the free boundary of the cross-section.