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The article describes an improved paired comparison method, which systematizes in tables the rules of logical conclusions and formulas of checking indices for comparison of technical systems. To achieve this goal, the authors formulate rational rules of logical conclusions in making a paired comparison of the systems. In addition, for the purpose of consistency check of the results of the assessment, the authors introduce parameters such as «the number of scores gained by one system» and «systems’ quality index»; moreover, they design corresponding calculation formulas. For the purposes of practical application of this method to design computer programs, the authors propose to use formalized variants of interconnected tables: a table for processing and systematization of expert information, a table of possible logical conclusions based on the results of comparison of a set number of technical systems and a table of check values in the paired comparison method used in quality assessment of a definite number of technical systems. These tables allow one to organize procedures of the information processing in a more rational way and to predominantly exclude the influence of mistakes on the results of quality assessment of technical systems at the stage of data input. The main positive effect from the implementation of the paired comparison method is observed in a considerable reduction of time and resources needed to organize experts work, process expert information, and to prepare and conduct distant interviews with experts (on the Internet or a local computer network of an organization). This effect is achieved by a rational use of input data of the quality of the systems to be assessed. The proposed method is applied to computer programs used in assessing the effectiveness and stability of large technical systems.

The article presents the results of numerical modeling of the vortex spatial non-stationary motion of the medium arising near the lateral and bottom surfaces of the descent module during its movement in the atmosphere of Mars. The numerical study was performed for the high-speed streamline regime at various angles of attack. Mathematical modeling was carried out on the basis of the Navier – Stokes model and the model of equilibrium chemical reactions for the Martian atmosphere gas. The simulation results showed that under the considered conditions of the descent module motion, a non-stationary flow with a pronounced vortex character is realized near its lateral and bottom surfaces. Numerical calculations indicate that, depending on the angle of attack, the nonstationarity and vortex nature of the flow can manifest itself both on the entire lateral and bottom surfaces of the module, and, partially, on their leeward side. For various angles of attack, pictures of the vortex structure of the flow near the surface of the descent vehicle and in its near wake are presented, as well as pictures of the gas-dynamic parameters fields. The non-stationary nature of the flow is confirmed by the presented time dependences of the gas-dynamic parameters of the flow at various points on the module surface. The carried out parametric calculations made it possible to determine the dependence of the aerodynamic characteristics of the descent module on the angle of attack. Mathematical modeling is carried out on the basis of the conservative numerical method of fluxes, which is a finitevolume method based on a finite-difference writing of the conservation laws of additive characteristics of the medium using «upwind» approximations of stream variables. To simulate the complex vortex structure of the flow over descent module, the nonuniform computational grids are used, including up to 30 million finite volumes with exponential thickening to the surface, which made it possible to reveal small-scale vortex formations. Numerical investigations were carried out on the basis of the developed software package based on parallel algorithms of the used numerical method and implemented on modern multiprocessor computer systems. The results of numerical simulation presented in the article were obtained using up to two thousand computing cores of a multiprocessor complex.

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of different-temperature water flows turbulent mixing in a T-junctions in the FlowVision software package. The article describes in detail an experimental stand specially designed to obtain boundary conditions that are simple for most computational fluid dynamics software systems. Values of timeaveraged temperatures and velocities in the control sensors and planes were obtained according to the test results. The article presents the system of partial differential equations used in the calculation describing the process of heat and mass transfer in a liquid using the Smagorinsky turbulence model. Boundary conditions are specified that allow setting the random velocity pulsations at the entrance to the computational domain. Distributions of time-averaged water velocity and temperature in control sections and sensors are obtained. The simulation is performed on various computational grids, for which the axes of the global coordinate system coincide with the directions of hot and cold water flows. The possibility for FlowVision PC to construct a computational grid in the simulation process based on changes in flow parameters is shown. The influence of such an algorithm for constructing a computational grid on the results of calculations is estimated. The results of calculations on a diagonal grid using a beveled scheme are given (the direction of the coordinate lines does not coincide with the direction of the tee pipes). The high efficiency of the beveled scheme is shown when modeling flows whose general direction does not coincide with the faces of the calculated cells. A comparison of simulation results on various computational grids is carried out. The numerical results obtained in the FlowVision PC are compared with experimental data and calculations performed using other computing programs. The results of modeling turbulent mixing of water flow of different temperatures in the FlowVision PC are closer to experimental data in comparison with calculations in CFX ANSYS. It is shown that the application of the LES turbulence model on relatively small computational grids in the FlowVision PC allows obtaining results with an error within 5%.

We consider a finite-dimensional optimization problem, the formulation of which in addition to the required variables contains parameters. The solution to this problem is a dependence of optimal values of variables on parameters. In general, these dependencies are not functions because they can have ambiguous meanings and in the functional case be nondifferentiable. In addition, their domain of definition may be narrower than the domains of definition of functions in the condition of the original problem. All these properties make it difficult to solve both the original parametric problem and other tasks, the statement of which includes these dependencies. To overcome these difficulties, usually methods such as non-differentiable optimization are used.

This article proposes an alternative approach that makes it possible to obtain solutions to parametric problems in a form devoid of the specified properties. It is shown that such representations can be explored using standard algorithms, based on the Taylor formula. This form is a function smoothly approximating the solution of the original problem for any parameter values, specified in its statement. In this case, the value of the approximation error is controlled by a special parameter. Construction of proposed approximations is performed using special functions that establish feedback (within optimality conditions for the original problem) between variables and Lagrange multipliers. This method is described for linear problems with subsequent generalization to the nonlinear case.

From a computational point of view the construction of the approximation consists in finding the saddle point of the modified Lagrange function of the original problem. Moreover, this modification is performed in a special way using feedback functions. It is shown that the necessary conditions for the existence of such a saddle point are similar to the conditions of the Karush – Kuhn – Tucker theorem, but do not contain constraints such as inequalities and conditions of complementary slackness. Necessary conditions for the existence of a saddle point determine this approximation implicitly. Therefore, to calculate its differential characteristics, the implicit function theorem is used. The same theorem is used to reduce the approximation error to an acceptable level.

Features of the practical implementation feedback function method, including estimates of the rate of convergence to the exact solution are demonstrated for several specific classes of parametric optimization problems. Specifically, tasks searching for the global extremum of functions of many variables and the problem of multiple extremum (maximin-minimax) are considered. Optimization problems that arise when using multicriteria mathematical models are also considered. For each of these classes, there are demo examples.

The numerical solving of the system of high-temperature radiative gas dynamics (HTRGD) equations is a computationally laborious task, since the interaction of radiation with matter is nonlinear and non-local. The radiation absorption coefficients depend on temperature, and the temperature field is determined by both gas-dynamic processes and radiation transport. The method of splitting into physical processes is usually used to solve the HTRGD system, one of the blocks consists of a joint solving of the radiative transport equation and the energy balance equation of matter under known pressure and temperature fields. Usually difference schemes with orders of convergence no higher than the second are used to solve this block. Due to computer memory limitations it is necessary to use not too detailed grids to solve complex technical problems. This increases the requirements for the order of approximation of difference schemes. In this work, bicompact schemes of a high order of approximation for the algorithm for the joint solution of the radiative transport equation and the energy balance equation are implemented for the first time. The proposed method can be applied to solve a wide range of practical problems, as it has high accuracy and it is suitable for solving problems with coefficient discontinuities. The non-linearity of the problem and the use of an implicit scheme lead to an iterative process that may slowly converge. In this paper, we use a multiplicative HOLO algorithm named the quasi-diffusion method by V.Ya.Goldin. The key idea of HOLO algorithms is the joint solving of high order (HO) and low order (LO) equations. The high-order equation (HO) is the radiative transport equation solved in the energy multigroup approximation, the system of quasi-diffusion equations in the multigroup approximation (LO₁) is obtained by averaging HO equations over the angular variable. The next step is averaging over energy, resulting in an effective one-group system of quasi-diffusion equations (LO₂), which is solved jointly with the energy equation. The solutions obtained at each stage of the HOLO algorithm are closely related that ultimately leads to an acceleration of the convergence of the iterative process. Difference schemes constructed by the method of lines within one cell are proposed for each of the stages of the HOLO algorithm. The schemes have the fourth order of approximation in space and the third order of approximation in time. Schemes for the transport equation were developed by B.V. Rogov and his colleagues, the schemes for the LO₁ and LO₂ equations were developed by the authors. An analytical test is constructed to demonstrate the declared orders of convergence. Various options for setting boundary conditions are considered and their influence on the order of convergence in time and space is studied.

The paper presents the results of the fundamental research directed on the theoretical study and computer simulation of peculiarities of the quasi-harmonic signal’s phase statistical distribution. The quasi-harmonic signal is known to be formed as a result of the Gaussian noise impact on the initially harmonic signal. By means of the mathematical analysis the formulas have been obtained in explicit form for the principle characteristics of this distribution, namely: for the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function, the likelihood function. As a result of the conducted computer simulation the dependencies of these functions on the phase distribution parameters have been analyzed. The paper elaborates the methods of estimating the phase distribution parameters which contain the information about the initial, undistorted signal. It has been substantiated that the task of estimating the initial value of the phase of quasi-harmonic signal can be efficiently solved by averaging the results of the sampled measurements. As for solving the task of estimating the second parameter of the phase distribution, namely — the parameter, determining the signal level respectively the noise level — a maximum likelihood technique is proposed to be applied. The graphical illustrations are presented that have been obtained by means of the computer simulation of the principle characteristics of the phase distribution under the study. The existence and uniqueness of the likelihood function’s maximum allow substantiating the possibility and the efficiency of solving the task of estimating signal’s level relative to noise level by means of the maximum likelihood technique. The elaborated method of estimating the un-noised signal’s level relative to noise, i. e. the parameter characterizing the signal’s intensity on the basis of measurements of the signal’s phase is an original and principally new technique which opens perspectives of usage of the phase measurements as a tool of the stochastic data analysis. The presented investigation is meaningful for solving the task of determining the phase and the signal’s level by means of the statistical processing of the sampled phase measurements. The proposed methods of the estimation of the phase distribution’s parameters can be used at solving various scientific and technological tasks, in particular, in such areas as radio-physics, optics, radiolocation, radio-navigation, metrology.

The features of the component circuits method (MCC) in modeling chemical-technological systems (CTS) are considered, taking into account its practical significance. The software and algorithmic implementation of which is currently a set of computer modeling programs MARS (Modeling and Automatic Research of Systems). MARS allows the development and analysis of mathematical models with specified experimental parameters. Research and calculations were carried out using a specialized software and hardware complex MARS, which allows the development of mathematical models with specified experimental parameters. In the course of this work, the model of a perfect-mixing reactor was developed in the MARS modeling environment taking into account the physicochemical features of the uranium extraction process in the presence of nitric acid and tributyl phosphate. As results, the curves of changes of the concentration of uranium extracted into the organic phase are presented. The possibility of using MCC for the description and analysis of CTS, including extraction processes, has been confirmed. The use of the obtained results is planned to be used in the development of a virtual laboratory, which will include the main apparatus of the chemical industry, as well as complex technical controlled systems (CTСS) based on them and will allow one to acquire a wide range of professional competencies in working with “digital twins” of real control objects, including gaining initial experience working with the main equipment of the nuclear industry. In addition to the direct applied benefits, it is also assumed that the successful implementation of the domestic complex of computer modeling programs and technologies based on the obtained results will make it possible to find solutions to the problems of organizing national technological sovereignty and import substitution.

Fault-tolerance of a finite computing net with arbitrary graph, containing elements with certain probability of fault and restore, is analyzed. Algorithm for net growth at each work cycle is suggested. It is shown that if the rate of net increase is sufficiently big then the probability of infinity faultless work is positive. Estimated critical net increase rate is logarithmic over the number of work cycles.

This article proposes a numeric method of solution of quasilinear parabolic equations, based on the flux approximation, describes the implementation of the method on a rectangular grid and presents numerical results. Unlike methods used in common practice, this method uses an approximation of flows in non-dilated template. For each iteration of the Newton method it is possible to solve a linear problem using the method of upper relaxation (SOR). Compared with the methods of flux sweeping, the considered method has greater potential for use in modern parallel computing system.