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The mathematical model, finite-difference schemes and algorithms for computation of transient thermoand hydrodynamic processes involved in commissioning the unified system including the oil producing well, electrical submersible pump and fractured-porous reservoir with bottom water are developed. These models are implemented in the computer package to simulate transient processes with simultaneous visualization of their results along with computations. An important feature of the package Oil-RWP is its interaction with the special external program GCS which simulates the work of the surface electric control station and data exchange between these two programs. The package Oil-RWP sends telemetry data and current parameters of the operating submersible unit to the program module GCS (direct coupling). The station controller analyzes incoming data and generates the required control parameters for the submersible pump. These parameters are sent to Oil-RWP (feedback). Such an approach allows us to consider the developed software as the “Intellectual Well System”.

Some principal results of the simulations can be briefly presented as follows. The transient time between inaction and quasi-steady operation of the producing well depends on the well stream watering, filtration and capacitive parameters of oil reservoir, physical-chemical properties of phases and technical characteristics of the submersible unit. For the large time solution of the nonstationary equations governing the nonsteady processes is practically identical to the inverse quasi-stationary problem solution with the same initial data. The developed software package is an effective tool for analysis, forecast and optimization of the exploiting parameters of the unified oil-producing complex during its commissioning into the operating regime.

Kuramoto model of non-linearly coupled oscillators provides a simple but effective approach to the study of the synchronization phenomenon in complex systems. In the present article we consider a particular Kuramoto model with three non-identical oscillators associated with a multi-cell radial profile of the solar meridional circulation. The top and the bottom oscillators are coupled through the middle one. The main difference of the present Kuramoto model from the previous ones consists in the non-identical coupling: coupling coefficients which tie the middle oscillator with the top and the bottom ones are different. We investigate how the value of the coupling asymmetry of the middle oscillator influences the synchronization. In the present model the synchronization conditions appear to be different the classical Kuramoto model allowing the synchronization to be reached with weaker coupling. We perform a reconstruction of coupling coefficients from the phase difference between the top and the bottom oscillators, assuming that the synchronization is reached and the natural frequencies are known. The absolute cumulative coupling is uniquely determined by the phase difference between the top and the bottom oscillators and the coupling asymmetry of the middle oscillator. In general case, higher values of the coupling asymmetry of the middle oscillator correspond to lower cumulative coupling. A unique coupling reconstruction with unknown coupling asymmetry is possible in general case only for the weak cumulative coupling. Deviations from the general case are discussed. We perform a model simulation with natural frequencies estimated from the velocities of the solar meridional flow. Heliseismological observations of the deep flow may be attributed either to the middle cell or to the deep one. We discuss the difference between these two cases in terms of the coupling reconstruction.

In this work we have developed a new efficient program for the numerical simulation of 3D global chemical transport on an adaptive finite-difference grid which allows us to concentrate grid points in the regions where flow variables sharply change and coarsen the grid in the regions of their smooth behavior, which significantly minimizes the grid size. We represent the adaptive grid with a combination of several dynamic (tree, linked list) and static (array) data structures. The dynamic data structures are used for a grid reconstruction, and the calculations of the flow variables are based on the static data structures. The introduction of the static data structures allows us to speed up the program by a factor of 2 in comparison with the conventional approach to the grid representation with only dynamic data structures.

We wrote and tested our program on a computer with 6 CPU cores. Using the computer microarchitecture simulator gem5, we estimated the scalability property of the program on a significantly greater number of cores (up to 32), using several models of a computer system with the design “computational cores – cache – main memory”. It has been shown that the microarchitecture of a computer system has a significant impact on the scalability property, i.e. the same program demonstrates different efficiency on different computer microarchitectures. For example, we have a speedup of 14.2 on a processor with 32 cores and 2 cache levels, but we have a speedup of 22.2 on a processor with 32 cores and 3 cache levels. The execution time of a program on a computer model in gem5 is 104–105 times greater than the execution time of the same program on a real computer and equals 1.5 hours for the most complex model.

Also in this work we describe how to configure gem5 and how to perform simulations with gem5 in the most optimal way.

The article considers a mathematical model of decomposition of a complex product into assembly units. This is an important engineering problem, which affects the organization of discrete production and its operational management. A review of modern approaches to mathematical modeling and automated computer-aided of decompositions is given. In them, graphs, networks, matrices, etc. serve as mathematical models of structures of technical systems. These models describe the mechanical structure as a binary relation on a set of system elements. The geometrical coordination and integrity of machines and mechanical devices during the manufacturing process is achieved by means of basing. In general, basing can be performed on several elements simultaneously. Therefore, it represents a variable arity relation, which can not be correctly described in terms of binary mathematical structures. A new hypergraph model of mechanical structure of technical system is described. This model allows to give an adequate formalization of assembly operations and processes. Assembly operations which are carried out by two working bodies and consist in realization of mechanical connections are considered. Such operations are called coherent and sequential. This is the prevailing type of operations in modern industrial practice. It is shown that the mathematical description of such operation is normal contraction of an edge of the hypergraph. A sequence of contractions transforming the hypergraph into a point is a mathematical model of the assembly process. Two important theorems on the properties of contractible hypergraphs and their subgraphs proved by the author are presented. The concept of $s$-hypergraphs is introduced. $S$-hypergraphs are the correct mathematical models of mechanical structures of any assembled technical systems. Decomposition of a product into assembly units is defined as cutting of an $s$-hypergraph into $s$-subgraphs. The cutting problem is described in terms of discrete mathematical programming. Mathematical models of structural, topological and technological constraints are obtained. The objective functions are proposed that formalize the optimal choice of design solutions in various situations. The developed mathematical model of product decomposition is flexible and open. It allows for extensions that take into account the characteristics of the product and its production.

This article presents a classification of cities, taking into account their spatial planning and possible transport solutions for cities of various types. It also discusses examples of various strategies for the development of urban public transport in Russia and the European Union with a comparison of their efficiency. The article gives examples of the impact of urban planning on mobility of citizens. To implement complex strategic decisions, it is necessary to use micro and macro models which allow a comparison of situations “as is” and “as to be” to predict consequences. In addition, the authors propose a methodology to improve public transport route network and road network, which includes determining population needs in working and educational correspondences, identifying bottlenecks in the road network, developing simulation models and developing recommendations based on the simulation results, as well as the calculation of efficiency, including the calculation of a positive social effect, economic efficiency, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. To prove the suggested methodology, the macro and micro models of the city under study were built taking into account the spatial planning and other specifics of the city. Thus, the case study of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny shows that the use of our methodology can help to improve the situation on the roads by optimizing the bus route network and the road infrastructure. The results showed that by implementing the proposed solutions one can decrease the amount of transport load on the bottlenecks, the number of overlapping bus routes and the traffic density.

The present article describes the authors’ model of construction of the distributed computer network and realization in it of the distributed calculations which are carried out within the limits of the software-information environment providing management of the information, automated and engineering systems of intellectual buildings. The presented model is based on the functional approach with encapsulation of the non-determined calculations and various side effects in monadic calculations that allows to apply all advantages of functional programming to a choice and execution of scenarios of management of various aspects of life activity of buildings and constructions. Besides, the described model can be used together with process of intellectualization of technical and sociotechnical systems for increase of level of independence of decision-making on management of values of parameters of the internal environment of a building, and also for realization of methods of adaptive management, in particular application of various techniques and approaches of an artificial intellect. An important part of the model is a directed acyclic graph, which is an extension of the blockchain with the ability to categorically reduce the cost of transactions taking into account the execution of smart contracts. According to the authors it will allow one to realize new technologies and methods — the distributed register on the basis of the directed acyclic graph, calculation on edge and the hybrid scheme of construction of artificial intellectual systems — and all this together can be used for increase of efficiency of management of intellectual buildings. Actuality of the presented model is based on necessity and importance of translation of processes of management of life cycle of buildings and constructions in paradigm of Industry 4.0 and application for management of methods of an artificial intellect with universal introduction of independent artificial cognitive agents. Model novelty follows from cumulative consideration of the distributed calculations within the limits of the functional approach and hybrid paradigm of construction of artificial intellectual agents for management of intellectual buildings. The work is theoretical. The article will be interesting to scientists and engineers working in the field of automation of technological and industrial processes both within the limits of intellectual buildings, and concerning management of complex technical and social and technical systems as a whole.

Bistability is a fundamental property of nonlinear systems and is found in many applied and theoretical studies of biological systems (populations and communities). In the simplest case it is expressed in the coexistence of diametrically opposed alternative stable equilibrium states of the system, and which of them will be achieved depends on the initial conditions. Bistability in simple models can lead to quad-stability as models become more complex, for example, when adding genetic, age and spatial structure. This occurs in different models from completely different subject area and leads to very interesting, often counterintuitive conclusions. In this article, we review such situations. The paper deals with bifurcations leading to bi- and quad-stability in mathematical models of the following biological objects. The first one is the system of two populations coupled by migration and under the action of natural selection, in which all genetic diversity is associated with a single diallelic locus with a significant difference in fitness for homo- and heterozygotes. The second is the system of two limited populations described by the Bazykin model or the Ricker model and coupled by migration. The third is a population with two age stages and density-dependent regulation of birth rate which is determined either only by population density, or additionally depends on the genetic structure of adjacent generations. We found that all these models have similar scenarios for the birth of equilibrium states that correspond to the formation of spatiotemporal inhomogeneity or to the differentiation by phenotypes of individuals from different age stages. Such inhomogeneity is a consequence of local bistability and appears as a result of a combination of pitchfork bifurcation (period doubling) and saddle-node bifurcation.

We present a novel model for the dynamical trap of the stimulus – response type that mimics human control over dynamic systems when the bounded capacity of human cognition is a crucial factor. Our focus lies on scenarios where the subject modulates a control variable in response to a certain stimulus. In this context, the bounded capacity of human cognition manifests in the uncertainty of stimulus perception and the subsequent actions of the subject. The model suggests that when the stimulus intensity falls below the (blurred) threshold of stimulus perception, the subject suspends the control and maintains the control variable near zero with accuracy determined by the control uncertainty. As the stimulus intensity grows above the perception uncertainty and becomes accessible to human cognition, the subject activates control. Consequently, the system dynamics can be conceptualized as an alternating sequence of passive and active modes of control with probabilistic transitions between them. Moreover, these transitions are expected to display hysteresis due to decision-making inertia.

Generally, the passive and active modes of human control are governed by different mechanisms, posing challenges in developing efficient algorithms for their description and numerical simulation. The proposed model overcomes this problem by introducing the dynamical trap of the stimulus-response type, which has a complex structure. The dynamical trap region includes two subregions: the stagnation region and the hysteresis region. The model is based on the formalism of stochastic differential equations, capturing both probabilistic transitions between control suspension and activation as well as the internal dynamics of these modes within a unified framework. It reproduces the expected properties in control suspension and activation, probabilistic transitions between them, and hysteresis near the perception threshold. Additionally, in a limiting case, the model demonstrates the capability of mimicking a similar subject’s behavior when (1) the active mode represents an open-loop implementation of locally planned actions and (2) the control activation occurs only when the stimulus intensity grows substantially and the risk of the subject losing the control over the system dynamics becomes essential.

The adequate complexity three-dimensional finite element model of biomechanical system with space, shell and beam-type elements was built. The model includes the Ilizarov fixator and tibial bone’s simulator with the regenerating tissue at the fracture location. The proposed model allows us to specify the orthotropic elastic properties of tibial bone model in cortical and trabecular zones. It is also possible to change the basic geometrical and mechanical characteristics of biomechanical system, change the finite element mash density and define the different external loads, such as pressure on the bone and compression or distraction between the repositioned rings of Ilizarov device.

By using special APDL ANSYS program macros the mode of deformation was calculated in the fracture zone for various static loads on the simulator bone, for compression or distraction between the repositioned rings and for various mechanical properties during different stages of the bone regenerate formation (gelatinous, cartilaginous, trabecular and cortical bone remodeling). The obtained results allow us to estimate the permissible values of the external pressure on the bone and of the displacements of the Ilizarov fixator rings for different stages of the bone regeneration, based on the admittance criterion for the maximum of the stresses in the callus. The presented data can be used in a clinical condition for planning, realization and monitoring of the power modes for transosseous osteosynthesis with the external Ilizarov fixator.

The article proposes a method of joint analysis of multidimensional financial time series based on the evaluation of the set of properties of stock quotes in a sliding time window and the subsequent averaging of property values for all analyzed companies. The main purpose of the analysis is to construct measures of joint behavior of time series reacting to the occurrence of a synchronous or coherent component. The coherence of the behavior of the characteristics of a complex system is an important feature that makes it possible to evaluate the approach of the system to sharp changes in its state. The basis for the search for precursors of sharp changes is the general idea of increasing the correlation of random fluctuations of the system parameters as it approaches the critical state. The increments in time series of stock values have a pronounced chaotic character and have a large amplitude of individual noises, against which a weak common signal can be detected only on the basis of its correlation in different scalar components of a multidimensional time series. It is known that classical methods of analysis based on the use of correlations between neighboring samples are ineffective in the processing of financial time series, since from the point of view of the correlation theory of random processes, increments in the value of shares formally have all the attributes of white noise (in particular, the “flat spectrum” and “delta-shaped” autocorrelation function). In connection with this, it is proposed to go from analyzing the initial signals to examining the sequences of their nonlinear properties calculated in time fragments of small length. As such properties, the entropy of the wavelet coefficients is used in the decomposition into the Daubechies basis, the multifractal parameters and the autoregressive measure of signal nonstationarity. Measures of synchronous behavior of time series properties in a sliding time window are constructed using the principal component method, moduli values of all pairwise correlation coefficients, and a multiple spectral coherence measure that is a generalization of the quadratic coherence spectrum between two signals. The shares of 16 large Russian companies from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2016 were studied. Using the proposed method, two synchronization time intervals of the Russian stock market were identified: from mid-December 2013 to mid- March 2014 and from mid-October 2014 to mid-January 2016.