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One- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models of turbulent transfer within the atmospheric surface layer under neutral thermal stratification are considered. Both models are based on the solution of system of the timeaveraged equations of Navier – Stokes and continuity using a 1.5-order closure scheme as well as equations for turbulent kinetic energy and the rate of its dissipation. The influence of the upper and lower boundary conditions on vertical profiles of wind speed and turbulence parameters within the atmospheric surface layer was derived using an one-dimensional model usually applied in case of an uniform ground surface. The boundary conditions in the model were prescribed in such way that the vertical wind and turbulence patterns were well agreed with widely used logarithmic vertical profile of wind speed, linear dependence of turbulent exchange coefficient on height above ground surface level and constancy of turbulent kinetic energy within the atmospheric surface layer under neutral atmospheric conditions. On the basis of the classical one-dimensional model it is possible to obtain a number of relationships which link the vertical wind speed gradient, turbulent kinetic energy and the rate of its dissipation. Each of these relationships can be used as a boundary condition in our hydrodynamic model. The boundary conditions for the wind speed and the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy were selected as parameters to provide the smallest deviations of model calculations from classical distributions of wind and turbulence parameters. The corresponding upper and lower boundary conditions were used to define the initial and boundary value problem in the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model allowing to consider complex topography and horizontal vegetation heterogeneity. The two-dimensional model with selected optimal boundary conditions was used to describe the spatial pattern of turbulent air flow when it interacted with the forest edge. The dynamics of the air flow establishment depending on the distance from the forest edge was analyzed. For all considered initial and boundary value problems the unconditionally stable implicit finite-difference schemes of their numerical solution were developed and implemented.

This paper is devoted to the application of the method of numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation for the solution of the problem of modeling the behavior of radionuclides in the cavity of the interelectric gap of a multielement electrogenerating channel. The analysis of gas-kinetic processes of thermionic converters is important for proving the design of the power-generating channel. The paper reviews two constructive schemes of the channel: with one- and two-way withdrawal of gaseous fission products into a vacuum-cesium system. The analysis uses a two-dimensional transport equation of the second-order accuracy for the solution of the left-hand side and the projection method for solving the right-hand side — the collision integral. In the course of the work, a software package was implemented that makes it possible to calculate on the cluster architecture by using the algorithm of parallelizing the left-hand side of the equation; the paper contains the results of the analysis of the dependence of the calculation efficiency on the number of parallel nodes. The paper contains calculations of data on the distribution of pressures of gaseous fission products in the gap cavity, calculations use various sets of initial pressures and flows; the dependency of the radionuclide pressure in the collector region was determined as a function of cesium pressures at the ends of the gap. The tests in the loop channel of a nuclear reactor confirm the obtained results.

The study completes a series of the author’s works devoted to the spread of particles population in supercritical catalytic branching random walk (CBRW) on a multidimensional lattice. The CBRW model describes the evolution of a system of particles combining their random movement with branching (reproduction and death) which only occurs at fixed points of the lattice. The set of such catalytic points is assumed to be finite and arbitrary. In the supercritical regime the size of population, initiated by a parent particle, increases exponentially with positive probability. The rate of the spread depends essentially on the distribution tails of the random walk jump. If the jump distribution has “light tails”, the “population front”, formed by the particles most distant from the origin, moves linearly in time and the limiting shape of the front is a convex surface. When the random walk jump has independent coordinates with a semiexponential distribution, the population spreads with a power rate in time and the limiting shape of the front is a star-shape nonconvex surface. So far, for regularly varying tails (“heavy” tails), we have considered the problem of scaled front propagation assuming independence of components of the random walk jump. Now, without this hypothesis, we examine an “isotropic” case, when the rate of decay of the jumps distribution in different directions is given by the same regularly varying function. We specify the probability that, for time going to infinity, the limiting random set formed by appropriately scaled positions of population particles belongs to a set $B$ containing the origin with its neighborhood, in $\mathbb{R}^d$. In contrast to the previous results, the random cloud of particles with normalized positions in the time limit will not concentrate on coordinate axes with probability one.

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of different-temperature water flows turbulent mixing in a T-junctions in the FlowVision software package. The article describes in detail an experimental stand specially designed to obtain boundary conditions that are simple for most computational fluid dynamics software systems. Values of timeaveraged temperatures and velocities in the control sensors and planes were obtained according to the test results. The article presents the system of partial differential equations used in the calculation describing the process of heat and mass transfer in a liquid using the Smagorinsky turbulence model. Boundary conditions are specified that allow setting the random velocity pulsations at the entrance to the computational domain. Distributions of time-averaged water velocity and temperature in control sections and sensors are obtained. The simulation is performed on various computational grids, for which the axes of the global coordinate system coincide with the directions of hot and cold water flows. The possibility for FlowVision PC to construct a computational grid in the simulation process based on changes in flow parameters is shown. The influence of such an algorithm for constructing a computational grid on the results of calculations is estimated. The results of calculations on a diagonal grid using a beveled scheme are given (the direction of the coordinate lines does not coincide with the direction of the tee pipes). The high efficiency of the beveled scheme is shown when modeling flows whose general direction does not coincide with the faces of the calculated cells. A comparison of simulation results on various computational grids is carried out. The numerical results obtained in the FlowVision PC are compared with experimental data and calculations performed using other computing programs. The results of modeling turbulent mixing of water flow of different temperatures in the FlowVision PC are closer to experimental data in comparison with calculations in CFX ANSYS. It is shown that the application of the LES turbulence model on relatively small computational grids in the FlowVision PC allows obtaining results with an error within 5%.

Scheduling computational workflows represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is crucial in many areas of computer science, such as cloud/edge tasks with distributed workloads and data mining. The complexity of online DAG scheduling is compounded by the large number of computational nodes, data transfer delays, heterogeneity (by type and processing power) of executors, precedence constraints imposed by DAG, and the nonuniform arrival of tasks. This paper introduces the Multi-Agent Local Voting Protocol (MLVP), a novel approach focused on dynamic load balancing for DAG scheduling in heterogeneous computing environments, where executors are represented as agents. The MLVP employs a local voting protocol to achieve effective load distribution by formulating the problem as a differentiated consensus achievement. The algorithm calculates an aggregated DAG metric for each executor-node pair based on node dependencies, node availability, and executor performance. The balance of these metrics as a weighted sum is optimized using a genetic algorithm to assign tasks probabilistically, achieving efficient workload distribution via information sharing and reaching consensus among the executors across the system and thus improving makespan. The effectiveness of the MLVP is demonstrated through comparisons with the state-of-the-art DAG scheduling algorithm and popular heuristics such as DONF, FIFO, Min- Min, and Max-Min. Numerical simulations show that MLVP achieves makepsan improvements of up to 70% on specific graph topologies and an average makespan reduction of 23.99% over DONF (state-of-the-art DAG scheduling heuristic) across randomly generated diverse set of DAGs. Notably, the algorithm’s scalability is evidenced by enhanced performance with increasing numbers of executors and graph nodes.

This paper presents a systematic study of the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as an efficient tool for the analysis of critical and low-temperature phase states in two dimensional spin system models. The problem of calculating the dependence of the average energy $\langle E\rangle_T^{}$ on the spatial distribution of exchange integrals $J_k^{}$ for the Edwards – Anderson model on a square lattice with frustrated interactions is considered.

We further construct a single convolutional classifier of phase states of the ferromagnetic Ising model on square, triangular, honeycomb, and kagome lattices, trained on configurations generated by the Swendsen – Wang cluster algorithm. Сomputed temperature profiles of the averaged posterior probability of the high-temperature phase, form clear S-shaped curves that intersect in the vicinity of the theoretical critical temperatures and allow one to determine $T_c^{}$ for the kagome lattice without additional retraining.

It is shown that convolutional models substantially reduce the root-mean-square error (RMSE) compared with fully connected architectures and efficiently capture complex correlations between thermodynamic characteristics and the structure of magnetic correlated systems.

Numerical solutions for the two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation with nonlocal nonlinearity are obtained. The solutions reveal formation of dissipative structures. Structures arising from initial distributions with one and several centers of localization are considered. Formation of extending circular structures is shown. Peculiarities of formation and interaction of extending circular structures depending on  nonlocal interaction are considered.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a macroscopic hydrodynamic model describing the vehicular traffic on a road junction and taking into account the distribution of traffic light phases and the existing road markings.

This article represents numerical simulation technique for determining effective spectral electromagnetic properties (effective electrical conductivity and relative dielectric permittivity) of saturated porous media. Information about these properties is vastly applied during the interpretation of petrophysical exploration data of boreholes and studying of rock core samples. The main feature of the present paper consists in the fact, that it involves three-dimensional saturated digital rock models, which were constructed based on the combined data considering microscopic structure of the porous media and the information about capillary equilibrium of oil-water mixture in pores. Data considering microscopic structure of the model are obtained by means of X-ray microscopic tomography. Information about distributions of saturating fluids is based on hydrodynamic simulations with density functional technique. In order to determine electromagnetic properties of the numerical model time-domain Fourier transform of Maxwell equations is considered. In low frequency approximation the problem can be reduced to solving elliptic equation for the distribution of complex electric potential. Finite difference approximation is based on discretization of the model with homogeneous isotropic orthogonal grid. This discretization implies that each computational cell contains exclusively one medium: water, oil or rock. In order to obtain suitable numerical model the distributions of saturating components is segmented. Such kind of modification enables avoiding usage of heterogeneous grids and disregards influence on the results of simulations of the additional techniques, required in order to determine properties of cells, filled with mixture of media. Corresponding system of differential equations is solved by means of biconjugate gradient stabilized method with multigrid preconditioner. Based on the results of complex electric potential computations average values of electrical conductivity and relative dielectric permittivity is calculated. For the sake of simplicity, this paper considers exclusively simulations with no spectral dependence of conductivities and permittivities of model components. The results of numerical simulations of spectral dependence of effective characteristics of heterogeneously saturated porous media (electrical conductivity and relative dielectric permittivity) in broad range of frequencies and multiple water saturations are represented in figures and table. Efficiency of the presented approach for determining spectral electrical properties of saturated rocks is discussed in conclusion.

The work is dedicated to the use of the software package Turbulence Problem Solver (TPS) for numerical simulation of a wide range of laser problems. The capabilities of the package are demonstrated by the example of numerical simulation of the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with thin metal bonds. The software package TPS developed by the authors is intended for numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of differential equations on multiprocessor computing systems with distributed memory. The package is a modern and expandable software product. The architecture of the package gives the researcher the opportunity to model different physical processes in a uniform way, using different numerical methods and program blocks containing specific initial conditions, boundary conditions and source terms for each problem. The package provides the the opportunity to expand the functionality of the package by adding new classes of problems, computational methods, initial and boundary conditions, as well as equations of state of matter. The numerical methods implemented in the software package were tested on test problems in one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometry, which included Riemann's problems on the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity with different configurations of the exact solution.

Thin films on substrates are an important class of targets for nanomodification of surfaces in plasmonics or sensor applications. Many articles are devoted to this subject. Most of them, however, focus on the dynamics of the film itself, paying little attention to the substrate, considering it simply as an object that absorbs the first compression wave and does not affect the surface structures that arise as a result of irradiation. The paper describes in detail a computational experiment on the numerical simulation of the interaction of a single ultrashort laser pulse with a gold film deposited on a thick glass substrate. The uniform rectangular grid and the first-order Godunov numerical method were used. The presented results of calculations allowed to confirm the theory of the shock-wave mechanism of holes formation in the metal under femtosecond laser action for the case of a thin gold film with a thickness of about 50 nm on a thick glass substrate.