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We suggest a possible mechanism for the transition from standing waves with a wavelength λ_SW to traveling waves with a half wavelength: λ_TW ≅λ_SW / 2. This phenomenon was observed in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction dispersed in a water-in-oil aerosol OT/Span-20 microemulsion. The problem is solved in a spatially one-dimensional case using amplitude equations approach. We demonstrate that a transition is possible under certain conditions. We obtain conditions for the mode coupling strength parameters, under which the scenario of transition from a standing wave to a half-period traveling wave, observed experimentally, is realized. The result of theoretical analysis is confirmed by numerical simulations.

Comets and asteroids are recognized by the scientists and the governments of all countries in the world to be one of the most significant threats to the development and even the existence of our civilization. Preventing this threat includes studying the motion of large meteors through the atmosphere that is accompanied by various physical and chemical phenomena. Of particular interest to such studies are the meteors whose trajectories have been recorded and whose fragments have been found on Earth. Here, we study one of such cases. We develop a model for the motion and destruction of natural bodies in the Earth’s atmosphere, focusing on the Benešov bolid (EN070591), a bright meteor registered in 1991 in the Czech Republic by the European Observation System. Unique data, that includes the radiation spectra, is available for this bolid. We simulate the aeroballistics of the Benešov meteoroid and of its fragments, taking into account destruction due to thermal and mechanical processes. We compute the velocity of the meteoroid and its mass ablation using the equations of the classical theory of meteor motion, taking into account the variability of the mass ablation along the trajectory. The fragmentation of the meteoroid is considered using the model of sequential splitting and the statistical stress theory, that takes into account the dependency of the mechanical strength on the length scale. We compute air flows around a system of bodies (shards of the meteoroid) in the regime where mutual interplay between them is essential. To that end, we develop a method of simulating air flows based on a set of grids that allows us to consider fragments of various shapes, sizes, and masses, as well as arbitrary positions of the fragments relative to each other. Due to inaccuracies in the early simulations of the motion of this bolid, its fragments could not be located for about 23 years. Later and more accurate simulations have allowed researchers to locate four of its fragments rather far from the location expected earlier. Our simulations of the motion and destruction of the Benešov bolid show that its interaction with the atmosphere is affected by multiple factors, such as the mass and the mechanical strength of the bolid, the parameters of its motion, the mechanisms of destruction, and the interplay between its fragments.

This paper addresses the problem of the plane-parallel motion of an elliptic foil with an attached point vortex of constant strength in an ideal fluid. It is assumed that the position of the vortex relative to the foil remains unchanged during motion. The flow of the fluid outside the body is assumed to be potential (except for the singularity corresponding to a point vortex), and the flow around the body is noncirculatory. Special attention is given to the general position case in which the point vortex does not lie on the continuations of the semiaxes of the ellipse. The problem under consideration is described by a system of six first-order differential equations. After reduction by the motion group of the plane E(2) it reduces to a system of three differential equations. An analysis of this reduced system is made. It is shown that this system admits one to five fixed points which correspond to motions of the ellipse in various circles. By numerically investigating the phase flow of the reduced system near fixed points, it is shown that, in the general case, the system admits no invariant measure with a smooth positive definite density. Parameter values are found for which one of the fixed points of the reduced system is an unstable node-focus. It is shown that, as the variation of the parameters is continued, an unstable limit cycle can arise from an unstable fixed point via an Andronov – Hopf bifurcation. An analysis is made of bifurcations of this limit cycle for the case where the position of the point vortex relative to the ellipse changes. By constructing a parametric bifurcation diagram, it is shown that, as the system’s parameters are varied, the limit cycle undergoes a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations, giving rise to a chaotic repeller (a reversed-time attractor). To carry out a numerical analysis of the problem, the method of constructing a twodimensional Poincaré map is used. The search for and analysis of simple and strange repellers were performed backward in time.

In the work is numerically investigated the influence of elastic and strength characteristics of hard materials with coatings of refractory compounds, received electric-spark doping, at influence of temperature and power factors using the finite element method.

Calculations of radiation transport in the shockwave layer of a descent space vehicle cause essential difficulties due to complex multi-resonance dependence of the absorption macroscopic cross sections from the photon energy. The convergence of two approximate spectrum averaging methods to the results of exact pointwise spectrum calculations is investigated. The first one is the well known multigroup method, the second one is the Lebesgue averaging method belonging to methods of the reduction of calculation points by means of aggregation of spectral points which are characterized by equal absorption strength. It is shown that convergence of the Lebesgue averaging method is significantly faster than the multigroup approach as the number of groups is increased. The only 100–150 Lebesgue groups are required to achieve the accuracy of pointwise calculations even in the shock layer at upper atmosphere with sharp absorption lines. At the same time the number of calculations is reduced by more than four order. Series of calculations of the radiation distribution function in 2D shock layer around a sphere and a blunt cone were performed using the local flat layer approximation and the Lebesgue averaging method. It is shown that the shock wave radiation becomes more significant both in value of the energy flux incident on the body surface and in the rate of energy exchange with the gas-dynamic flow in the case of increasing of the vehicle’s size.

Use of algorithms based on neural networks can be inefficient for small amounts of experimental data. Authors consider a solution of this problem in the context of modelling of properties of ceramic composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes using perceptron complex. This approach allowed us to obtain a mathematical description of the object of study with a minimal amount of input data (the amount of necessary experimental samples decreased 2–3.3 times). Authors considered different versions of perceptron complex structures. They found that the most appropriate structure has perceptron complex with breakthrough of two input variables. The relative error was only 6%. The selected perceptron complex was shown to be effective for predicting the properties of ceramic composites. The relative errors for output components were 0.3%, 4.2%, 0.4%, 2.9%, and 11.8%.

The results of verification carried out for investigations of hydrodynamic effect on reentry conicalsegmental space vehicle are presented in the paper. The program complex Flow Vision is used for this analysis. The purpose of the study is verification of using Flow Vision program complex for problem solving mentioned above on the base of comparison between calculated and experimental data, obtained on the Apollo landing models and new development reentry spacecraft of manned transporting spaceship designed by RSC Energia. The comparison was carried out through the data of pressure values on spacecraft model surfaces during its water landing and inertia center motion parameters.

The results of study show good agreement between experimental and calculated data of force effects on vehicle construction during water landing and its motion parameters in the water medium. Computer simulation sufficiently well reproduces influence of initial velocities & water entry angles variations on water landing process.

Using of computer simulation provides simultaneous acquisition of all data information needed for investigation of water landing peculiarities during construction design, notably, hydrodynamic effects for structural strength calculations, parameters and dynamics of center mass motion and vehicle revolution around center mass for estimation water landing conditions, as well as vehicle stability after landing.

Obtained results confirm suitability of using Flow Vision program complex for water landing vehicle investigations and investigations of influence of different landing regimes through wide initial condition change range, that permits considerably decrease extent of expensive experimental tests and realize landing conditions which are sufficiently complicated for realizing in model physical experiments.

The presence of a contact boundary between water and transformer oil greatly reduces the electrical strength of the oil phase. The presence of an electric field leads to varying degrees of polarization at the interface and the appearance of a force acting on a liquid with a higher dielectric constant (water) in the direction of a liquid with a lower dielectric constant (oil). This leads to the contact surface instability development. Instability as a result of its development leads to a stream of water being drawn into oil volume and a violation of the insulating gap. In this work, we experimentally and numerically study electrohydrodynamic instability at the phase boundary between electrically weakly conductive water and transformer oil in a highly inhomogeneous electric field directed perpendicular to the contact boundary. The results of a full-scale and numerical experiment of studying of the electrohydrodynamic instability development in a strong electric field at the interface between water and transformer oil are presented. The system consists of a spherical electrode with a radius of 3.5 mm, placed in water with a conductivity of 5 $\mu S/cm$, and a thin blade electrode 0.1 mm thick, placed in transformer oil of the GK brand. The contact boundary passes at the same distance from the nearest points of the electrodes, equal to 3 mm. The work shows that at a certain electric field strength, the cone-shaped structure of water grows towards the electrode immersed in transformer oil. A numerical correspondence was obtained for both the shape of the resulting water structure (cone) during the entire growth time and the size measured from its top to the level of the initial contact boundary of phase separation. The dynamics of this structure growth has been studied. Both in numerical calculations and in experiment, it was found that the size of the resulting cone along the electrode connection line depends linearly on time.

In this paper we consider statistical estimates of threshold and strength of percolation clusters on square lattices. The percolation threshold p_c and the strength of percolation clusters P_∞ for a square lattice with (1,π)-neighborhood depends not only on the lattice dimension, but also on the Minkowski exponent d. To estimate the strength of percolation clusters P_∞ proposed a new method of averaging the relative frequencies of the target subset of lattice sites. The implementation of this method is based on the SPSL package, released under GNU GPL-3 using the free programming language R.

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation and experimental data on the high-speed penetration of the impactor into the obstacle. In the calculations, a discrete-element model has been used, based on the representation of the impactor and the target by a set of close packed interconnected particles. This class of models finds an increasingly wide application in the problems of high-speed interaction of bodies. In the previous works of the authors, the questions of application of the discrete-element model to the problem of the penetration of spherical impactors into massive targets were considered. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the data of computational and physical experiments, it was found out that for a wide class of high-speed penetration problems, a high accuracy of discrete-element modeling can be achieved using the two-parameter Lennard–Jones potential. The binding energy was identified as a function of the dynamic hardness of materials. It was shown that the use of this approach makes it possible to describe accurately the penetration process in the range of impactor velocities 500–2500 m/c.

In this paper, we compare the results of discrete-element modeling with experimental data on penetration of high-strength targets of different thickness by steel impactors. The use of computational parallelization technologies on graphic processors in combination with 3D visualization and animation of the results makes it possible to obtain detailed spatio-temporal patterns of the penetration process and compare them with experimental data.

A comparative analysis of the experimental and calculated data has shown a sufficiently high accuracy of discrete-element modeling for a wide range of target thicknesses: for thin targets pierced with preservation of the integrity of the deformed impactor, for targets of medium thickness, pierced with practically complete fragmentation of the impactor at the exit from the target, and for thick impenetrable targets.