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When determining therapeutic absorbed doses in the process of radioiodine therapy, the method of individual dosimetric planning is increasingly used in Russian medicine. However, for the successful implementation of this method, it is necessary to have appropriate software that allows modeling the pharmacokinetics of radioiodine in the patient’s body and calculate the necessary therapeutic activity of a radiopharmaceutical drug to achieve the planned therapeutic absorbed dose in the thyroid gland.

Purpose of the work: development of a software package for pharmacokinetic modeling and calculation of individual absorbed doses in radioiodine therapy based on a five-chamber model of radioiodine kinetics using two mathematical optimization methods. The work is based on the principles and methods of RFLP pharmacokinetics (chamber modeling). To find the minimum of the residual functional in identifying the values of the transport constants of the model, the Hook – Jeeves method and the simulated annealing method were used. Calculation of dosimetric characteristics and administered therapeutic activity is based on the method of calculating absorbed doses using the functions of radioiodine activity in the chambers found during modeling. To identify the parameters of the model, the results of radiometry of the thyroid gland and urine of patients with radioiodine introduced into the body were used.

A software package for modeling the kinetics of radioiodine during its oral intake has been developed. For patients with diffuse toxic goiter, the transport constants of the model were identified and individual pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics (elimination half-lives, maximum thyroid activity and time to reach it, absorbed doses to critical organs and tissues, administered therapeutic activity) were calculated. The activity-time relationships for all cameras in the model are obtained and analyzed. A comparative analysis of the calculated pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics calculated using two mathematical optimization methods was performed. Evaluation completed the stunning-effect and its contribution to the errors in calculating absorbed doses. From a comparative analysis of the pharmacokinetic and dosimetric characteristics calculated in the framework of two optimization methods, it follows that the use of a more complex mathematical method for simulating annealing in a software package does not lead to significant changes in the values of the characteristics compared to the simple Hook – Jeeves method. Errors in calculating absorbed doses in the framework of these mathematical optimization methods do not exceed the spread of absorbed dose values from the stunning-effect.

Chemotaxis plays an important role in morphogenesis and processes of structure formation in nature. Both unicellular organisms and single cells in tissue demonstrate this property. In vitro experiments show that many types of transformed cell, especially metastatic competent, are capable for directed motion in response usually to chemical signal. There is a number of theoretical papers on mathematical modeling of tumour growth and invasion using Keller-Segel model for the chemotactic motility of cancer cells. One of the crucial questions for using the chemotactic term in modelling of tumour growth is a lack of reliable quantitative estimation of its parameters. The 2-D mathematical model of tumour growth and invasion, which takes into account only random cell motility and convective fluxes in compact tissue, has showed that due to competitive mechanism tumour can grow toward sources of nutrients in absence of chemotactic cell motility.

We have studied properties of non-linear waves in a mathematical model of a predator – prey system with taxis. We demonstrate that, for systems with negative and positive taxis there typically exists a large region in the parameter space, where the waves demonstrate quasi-soliton interaction; colliding waves can penetrate through each other, and waves can also reflect from impermeable boundaries. In this paper, we use numerical simulations to demonstrate also a new wave phenomenon — a half-soliton interaction of waves, when of two colliding waves, one annihilates and the other continues to propagate. We show that this effect depends on the «ages» or, equivalently, «widths» of the colliding waves.

The early embryos developing in vitro to the blastocyst stage have low implantation potential. In the current work the microinjection was used to evaluate the most viable blastocysts with high implantation ability on the basis of morphology changing. The recovery rate of the embryo volume allows assessing the functional activity of trophoblast cells that involved in implantation. The predictive model is suggested to forecast the development effectiveness of blastocysts in vitro. It’s shown the recovery rate of the blastocyst volume after microinjection is the most important feature of implantation potential of early embryos. The maximal recovery rate of blastocyst volume (35.7 % of initial volume per 1 h) correlates with the embryos ability to generate the colonies 72 h after microinjection. By the area under receiver operator curve (AUC) it was shown that combination of such characteristics as blastocyst stage (middle and late) and recovery rate after microinjection allowed to predict the blastocyst development.

In the article, a quasi-periodic two-component dynamical model with possibility of defining the cardio-cycle morphology, that provides the model with an ability of generating a temporal and a spectral cardiosignal characteristics, including heart rate variability is described. A technique for determining the cardio-cycle morphology to provide realistic cardio-signal form is defined. A method for defining cardio-signal dynamical system by the way of determining a three-dimensional state space and equations which describe a trajectory of point’s motion in this space is presented. A technique for solving equations of motion in the three-dimensional state space of dynamical cardio-signal system using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is presented. Based on this model, algorithm and software package are developed. Using software package, a cardio-signal synthesis experiment is conducted and the relationship of cardio-signal diagnostic features is analyzed.

A model of the behavior of the active neuron, which was the development of the model described in Shamis A.L. [Shamis, 2006], is designed. Proposed topology is locally connected matrix of the active neural network and the structure integration of information from different sources. An example of the script behavior robot controlled by this neural network is described. The results of experiments with the software implementation of a neural network are presented.

In the paper three characteristic scales of a biological system are proposed: microscopic (gene's size), mesoscopic (cell’s size) and macroscopic level (organism’s size). For each case the approach to modeling of circadian rhythms is discussed on the base of a time-delay model. At gene’s scale the stochastic description has been used. The robustness of rhythms mechanism to the fluctuations has been demonstrated. At the mesoscopic scale we propose the deterministic description within the spatially extended model. It was found the effect of collective synchronization of rhythms in cells. Macroscopic effects have been studied within the discrete model describing the collective behaviour of large amount of cells. The problem of cross-linking of results obtained at different scales is discussed. The comparison with experimental data is given.

The collective behavior of crowd leaving a room is modeled. The model is based on molecular dynamics approach with a mixture of socio-psychological and physical forces. The new algorithm for complicatedly branched space is proposed. It suggests that each individual develops its own plan of escape, which is stochastically transformed during the evolution. The algorithm includes also the separation of original space into rooms with possible exits selected by individuals according to their probability distribution. The model is calibrated on the base of empirical data provided by fire case in the nightclub “Lame Horse” (Perm, 2009). The algorithm is realized as an end-user Java software. It is assumed that this tool could help to test the buildings for their safety for humans.

In this article some results of mathematic modelling of an effluence of drilling fluid from hydraulic holes of PDC bit are presented. Distribution of velocity and pressure in borehole bottom are received, and erosion of interior surface of hydraulic channel of PDC bit is researched.

In the first section of the paper a definition of presentation (perception) functions — components of individual’s subjective view of the world — are proposed. Using the basic psychophysical law formulated by S. Stevens, and relying on the hypotheses of socialization, rationality, individual choice, complexity of informational influences, dynamics of ideas and perceptions, and accessibility, formal dependence was derived allowing to calculate the function of presentation (perception) for probabilistic indicators (with known distribution function or subjective probability) and of interval type. In the second and third sections parameters of the presentation function according to surveys of the U.S. population related to the war in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq are estimated.