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This paper is devoted to the problem of edge criticality identification and ranking in complex networks, which is a part of a modern research direction in the novel network science. The diffusion importance belongs to the set of acknowledged methods that help to identify the significant connections in the graph that are critical to retaining structural integrity. In the present work, we develop the Iterative Diffusion Importance algorithm that is based on the re-estimation of critical topological features at each step of the graph deconstruction. The Iterative Diffusion Importance has been compared with methods such as diffusion importance and degree product, which are two very well-known benchmark algorithms. As for benchmark networks, we tested the Iterative Diffusion Importance on three standard networks, such as Zachary’s Karate Club, the American Football Network, and the Dolphins Network, which are often used for algorithm efficiency evaluation and are different in size and density. Also, we proposed a new benchmark network representing the airplane communication between Japan and the US. The numerical experiment on finding the ranking of critical edges and the following network decomposition demonstrated that the proposed Iterative Diffusion Importance exceeds the conventional diffusion importance by the efficiency for 2–35% depending on the network complexity, the number of nodes, and the number of edges. The only drawback of the Iterative Diffusion Importance is an increase in computation complexity and hencely in the runtime, but this drawback can be easily compensated for by the preliminary planning of the network deconstruction or protection and by reducing the re-evaluation frequency of the iterative process.

The article presents an approach to configuration of an artificial neural network architecture and a training set size. Configuration is based on parameter minimization with constraints specifying neural network model quality criteria. The algorithm of artificial neural network architecture and training set size configuration is applied to dynamic object artificial neural network approximation.
Series of computational experiments were performed. The method is applicable to construction of dynamic object models based on non-linear autocorrelation neural networks.

A model of forest insect population dynamics used to simulate of “forest-insect” interactions and for estimation of possible damages of forest stand by pests. This model represented a population as control system where the input variables characterized the influence of modifier (climatic) factors and the feedback loop describes the effect of regulatory factors (parasites, predators and population interactions). The technique of stress testing on the basis of population dynamics model proposed for assessment of the risks of forest stand damage and destruction after insect impact. The dangerous forest pest pine looper Bupalus piniarius L. considered as the object of analysis. Computer experiments were conducted to assess of outbreak risks with possible climate change in the territory of Central Siberia. Model experiments have shown that risk of insect impact on the forest is not increased significantly in condition of sufficiently moderate warming (not more than 4 °C in summer period). However, a stronger warming in the territory of Central Siberia, combined with a dry summer condition could cause a significant increase in the risk of pine looper outbreaks.

The technique of simplification of mathematical model of a chemical reaction by reducing the number of steps of the reaction scheme, based on an analysis of sensitivity to changes in the objective function of the model parameters, is proposed. The reduced scheme of model reaction of formaldehyde oxidation is received. Functional characterizes the measure of proximity to the calculated values for the initial kinetic reaction scheme and the scheme resulting disturbance of its parameters. The advantage of this technique is the ability to analyze complex kinetic schemes and reduction of kinetic models to a size suitable for practical use. The results of computational experiments under different reaction conditions can be included in the functional and thus to receive the reduce scheme, which is consistent the detailed scheme for the desired range of conditions. Sensitivity analysis of the functional model allows to identify those parameters, which provide the largest (or smallest) the contribution to the result of the process simulation. The mathematical model can contain parameters, which change of values do not affect the qualitative and quantitative description of the process. The contribution of these parameters in the functional value won’t be of great importance. Thus it can be eliminated from consideration, which do not serve for modeling kinetic curves substances. The kinetic scheme of formaldehyde oxidation, the detailed mechanism which includes 25 stages and 15 substances, were investigated using this method. On the basis of the local and global sensitivity analysis, the most important stage of the process that affect the overall dynamics of the target concentrations of the reaction. The reduced scheme of model reaction of formaldehyde oxidation is received. This scheme also describes the behavior of the main substances, as detailed scheme, but has a much smaller number of reaction stages. The results of the comparative analysis of modeling of formaldehyde oxidation on detailed and reduced schemes are given. Computational aspects of the problems of chemical kinetics by Sobol’ global method an example of this reaction are specified. The comparison results are local, global and total sensitivity indices are given.

Optical systems with two-dimensional feedback demonstrate wide possibilities for studying the nucleation and development processes of dissipative structures. Feedback allows to influence the dynamics of the optical system by controlling the transformation of spatial variables performed by prisms, lenses, dynamic holograms and other devices. A nonlinear interferometer with a mirror image of a field in two-dimensional feedback is one of the simplest optical systems in which is realized the nonlocal nature of light fields.

A mathematical model of optical systems with two-dimensional feedback is a nonlinear parabolic equation with rotation transformation of a spatial variable and periodicity conditions on a circle. Such problems are investigated: bifurcation of the traveling wave type stationary structures, how the form of the solution changes as the diffusion coefficient decreases, dynamics of the solution’s stability when the bifurcation parameter leaves the critical value. For the first time as a parameter bifurcation was taken of diffusion coefficient.

The method of central manifolds and the Galerkin’s method are used in this paper. The method of central manifolds and the Galerkin’s method are used in this paper. The method of central manifolds allows to prove a theorem on the existence and form of the traveling wave type solution neighborhood of the bifurcation value. The first traveling wave born as a result of the Andronov –Hopf bifurcation in the transition of the bifurcation parameter through the сritical value. According to the central manifold theorem, the first traveling wave is born orbitally stable.

Since the above theorem gives the opportunity to explore solutions are born only in the vicinity of the critical values of the bifurcation parameter, the decision to study the dynamics of traveling waves of change during the withdrawal of the bifurcation parameter in the supercritical region, the formalism of the Galerkin method was used. In accordance with the method of the central manifold is made Galerkin’s approximation of the problem solution. As the bifurcation parameter decreases and its transition through the critical value, the zero solution of the problem loses stability in an oscillatory manner. As a result, a periodic solution of the traveling wave type branches off from the zero solution. This wave is born orbitally stable. With further reduction of the parameter and its passage through the next critical value from the zero solution, the second solution of the traveling wave type is produced as a result of the Andronov –Hopf bifurcation. This wave is born unstable with an instability index of two.

Numerical calculations have shown that the application of the Galerkin’s method leads to correct results. The results obtained are in good agreement with the results obtained by other authors and can be used to establish experiments on the study of phenomena in optical systems with feedback.

Nowadays the random search became a widespread and effective tool for solving different complex optimization and adaptation problems. In this work, the problem of an average duration of a random search for one object by another is regarded, depending on various factors on a square field. The problem solution was carried out by holding total experiment with 4 factors and orthogonal plan with 54 lines. Within each line, the initial conditions and the cellular automaton transition rules were simulated and the duration of the search for one object by another was measured. As a result, the regression model of average duration of a random search for an object depending on the four factors considered, specifying the initial positions of two objects, the conditions of their movement and detection is constructed. The most significant factors among the factors considered in the work that determine the average search time are determined. An interpretation is carried out in the problem of random search for an object from the constructed model. The important result of the work is that the qualitative and quantitative influence of initial positions of objects, the size of the lattice and the transition rules on the average duration of search is revealed by means of model obtained. It is shown that the initial neighborhood of objects on the lattice does not guarantee a quick search, if each of them moves. In addition, it is quantitatively estimated how many times the average time of searching for an object can increase or decrease with increasing the speed of the searching object by 1 unit, and also with increasing the field size by 1 unit, with different initial positions of the two objects. The exponential nature of the growth in the number of steps for searching for an object with an increase in the lattice size for other fixed factors is revealed. The conditions for the greatest increase in the average search duration are found: the maximum distance of objects in combination with the immobility of one of them when the field size is changed by 1 unit. (that is, for example, with $4 \times 4$ at $5 \times 5$) can increase the average search duration in $e^{1.69} \approx 5.42$. The task presented in the work may be relevant from the point of view of application both in the landmark for ensuring the security of the state, and, for example, in the theory of mass service.

Mathematical simulation of unsteady natural convection and thermal surface radiation within a rotating square enclosure was performed. The considered domain of interest had two isothermal opposite walls subjected to constant low and high temperatures, while other walls are adiabatic. The walls were diffuse and gray. The considered cavity rotated with constant angular velocity relative to the axis that was perpendicular to the cavity and crossed the cavity in the center. Mathematical model, formulated in dimensionless transformed variables “stream function – vorticity” using the Boussinesq approximation and diathermic approach for the medium, was performed numerically using the finite difference method. The vorticity dispersion equation and energy equation were solved using locally one-dimensional Samarskii scheme. The diffusive terms were approximated by central differences, while the convective terms were approximated using monotonic Samarskii scheme. The difference equations were solved by the Thomas algorithm. The approximated Poisson equation for the stream function was solved by successive over-relaxation method. Optimal value of the relaxation parameter was found on the basis of computational experiments. Radiative heat transfer was analyzed using the net-radiation method in Poljak approach. The developed computational code was tested using the grid independence analysis and experimental and numerical results for the model problem.

Numerical analysis of unsteady natural convection and thermal surface radiation within the rotating enclosure was performed for the following parameters: Ra = 10³–10⁶, Ta = 0–10⁵, Pr = 0.7, ε = 0–0.9. All distributions were obtained for the twentieth complete revolution when one can find the periodic behavior of flow and heat transfer. As a result we revealed that at low angular velocity the convective flow can intensify but the following growth of angular velocity leads to suppression of the convective flow. The radiative Nusselt number changes weakly with the Taylor number.

The work is dedicated to the use of the software package Turbulence Problem Solver (TPS) for numerical simulation of a wide range of laser problems. The capabilities of the package are demonstrated by the example of numerical simulation of the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with thin metal bonds. The software package TPS developed by the authors is intended for numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of differential equations on multiprocessor computing systems with distributed memory. The package is a modern and expandable software product. The architecture of the package gives the researcher the opportunity to model different physical processes in a uniform way, using different numerical methods and program blocks containing specific initial conditions, boundary conditions and source terms for each problem. The package provides the the opportunity to expand the functionality of the package by adding new classes of problems, computational methods, initial and boundary conditions, as well as equations of state of matter. The numerical methods implemented in the software package were tested on test problems in one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometry, which included Riemann's problems on the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity with different configurations of the exact solution.

Thin films on substrates are an important class of targets for nanomodification of surfaces in plasmonics or sensor applications. Many articles are devoted to this subject. Most of them, however, focus on the dynamics of the film itself, paying little attention to the substrate, considering it simply as an object that absorbs the first compression wave and does not affect the surface structures that arise as a result of irradiation. The paper describes in detail a computational experiment on the numerical simulation of the interaction of a single ultrashort laser pulse with a gold film deposited on a thick glass substrate. The uniform rectangular grid and the first-order Godunov numerical method were used. The presented results of calculations allowed to confirm the theory of the shock-wave mechanism of holes formation in the metal under femtosecond laser action for the case of a thin gold film with a thickness of about 50 nm on a thick glass substrate.

The article covers several mathematical problems relating to elastic stability of thin shells in view of inconsistencies that have been recently identified between the experimental data and the predictions based on the shallow- shell theory. It is highlighted that the contradictions were caused by new algorithms that enabled updating the values of the so called “low critical stresses” calculated in the 20th century and adopted as a buckling criterion for thin shallow shells by technical standards. The new calculations often find the low critical stress close to zero. Therefore, the low critical stress cannot be used as a safety factor for the buckling analysis of the thinwalled structure, and the equations of the shallow-shell theory need to be replaced with other differential equations. The new theory also requires a buckling criterion ensuring the match between calculations and experimental data.

The article demonstrates that the contradiction with the new experiments can be resolved within the dynamic nonlinear three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The stress when bifurcation of dynamic modes occurs shall be taken as a buckling criterion. The nonlinear form of original equations causes solitary (solitonic) waves that match non-smooth displacements (patterns, dents) of the shells. It is essential that the solitons make an impact at all stages of loading and significantly increase closer to bifurcation. The solitonic solutions are illustrated based on the thin cylindrical momentless shell when its three-dimensional volume is simulated with twodimensional surface of the set thickness. It is noted that the pattern-generating waves can be detected (and their amplitudes can by identified) with acoustic or electromagnetic devices.

Thus, it is technically possible to reduce the risk of failure of the thin shells by monitoring the shape of the surface with acoustic devices. The article concludes with a setting of the mathematical problems requiring the solution for the reliable numerical assessment of the buckling criterion for thin elastic shells.

Mathematical models of many natural processes are described by partial differential equations with singular solutions. Classical numerical methods for determination of approximate solution to such problems are inefficient. In the present paper a boundary value problem for vector wave equation in L-shaped domain is considered. The presence of reentrant corner of size $3\pi/2$ on the boundary of computational domain leads to the strong singularity of the solution, i.e. it does not belong to the Sobolev space $H^1$ so classical and special numerical methods have a convergence rate less than $O(h)$. Therefore in the present paper a special weighted set of vector-functions is introduced. In this set the solution of considered boundary value problem is defined as $R_ν$-generalized one.

For numerical determination of the $R_ν$-generalized solution a weighted vector finite element method is constructed. The basic difference of this method is that the basis functions contain as a factor a special weight function in a degree depending on the properties of the solution of initial problem. This allows to significantly raise a convergence speed of approximate solution to the exact one when the mesh is refined. Moreover, introduced basis functions are solenoidal, therefore the solenoidal condition for the solution is taken into account precisely, so the spurious numerical solutions are prevented.

Results of numerical experiments are presented for series of different type model problems: some of them have a solution containing only singular component and some of them have a solution containing a singular and regular components. Results of numerical experiment showed that when a finite element mesh is refined a convergence rate of the constructed weighted vector finite element method is $O(h)$, that is more than one and a half times better in comparison with special methods developed for described problem, namely singular complement method and regularization method. Another features of constructed method are algorithmic simplicity and naturalness of the solution determination that is beneficial for numerical computations.