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Our purpose is to study the spatio-temporal population wave behavior observed in the predator-prey system. It is assumed that predators move both directionally and randomly, and prey spread only diffusely. The model does not take into account demographic processes in the predator population; it’s total number is constant and is a parameter. The variables of the model are the prey and predator densities and the predator speed, which are connected by a system of three reaction – diffusion – advection equations. The system is considered on an annular range, that is the periodic conditions are set at the boundaries of the interval. We have studied the bifurcations of wave modes arising in the system when two parameters are changed — the total number of predators and their taxis acceleration coefficient.

The main research method is a numerical analysis. The spatial approximation of the problem in partial derivatives is performed by the finite difference method. Integration of the obtained system of ordinary differential equations in time is carried out by the Runge –Kutta method. The construction of the Poincare map, calculation of Lyapunov exponents, and Fourier analysis are used for a qualitative analysis of dynamic regimes.

It is shown that, population waves can arise as a result of existence of directional movement of predators. The population dynamics in the system changes qualitatively as the total predator number increases. А stationary homogeneous regime is stable at low value of parameter, then it is replaced by self-oscillations in the form of traveling waves. The waveform becomes more complicated as the bifurcation parameter increases; its complexity occurs due to an increase in the number of temporal vibrational modes. A large taxis acceleration coefficient leads to the possibility of a transition from multi-frequency to chaotic and hyperchaotic population waves. A stationary regime without preys becomes stable with a large number of predators.

The mathematical model based on the linear integro-differential Boltzmann equation is considered in this article. The model describes the radiation transfer in the scattering medium irradiated by a point source. The inverse problem for the transfer equation is defined. This problem consists of determining the scattering coefficient from the time-angular distribution of the radiation flux density at a given point in space. The Neumann series representation for solving the radiation transfer equation is analyzed in the study of the inverse problem. The zero member of the series describes the unscattered radiation, the first member of the series describes a single-scattered field, the remaining members of the series describe a multiple-scattered field. When calculating the approximate solution of the radiation transfer equation, the single scattering approximation is widespread to calculated an approximate solution of the equation for regions with a small optical thickness and a low level of scattering. An analytical formula is obtained for finding the scattering coefficient by using this approximation for problem with additional restrictions on the initial data. To verify the adequacy of the obtained formula the Monte Carlo weighted method for solving the transfer equation is constructed and software implemented taking into account multiple scattering in the medium and the space-time singularity of the radiation source. As applied to the problems of high-frequency acoustic sensing in the ocean, computational experiments were carried out. The application of the single scattering approximation is justified, at least, at a sensing range of about one hundred meters and the double and triple scattered fields make the main impact on the formula error. For larger regions, the single scattering approximation gives at the best only a qualitative evaluation of the medium structure, sometimes it even does not allow to determine the order of the parameters quantitative characteristics of the interaction of radiation with matter.

Laser damage to transparent solids is a major limiting factor output power of laser systems. For laser rangefinders, the most likely destruction cause of elements of the optical system (lenses, mirrors) actually, as a rule, somewhat dusty, is not an optical breakdown as a result of avalanche, but such a thermal effect on the dust speck deposited on an element of the optical system (EOS), which leads to its ignition. It is the ignition of a speck of dust that initiates the process of EOS damage.

The corresponding model of this process leading to the ignition of a speck of dust takes into account the nonlinear Stefan –Boltzmann law of thermal radiation and the infinite thermal effect of periodic radiation on the EOS and the speck of dust. This model is described by a nonlinear system of differential equations for two functions: the EOS temperature and the dust particle temperature. It is proved that due to the accumulating effect of periodic thermal action, the process of reaching the dust speck ignition temperature occurs almost at any a priori possible changes in this process of the thermophysical parameters of the EOS and the dust speck, as well as the heat exchange coefficients between them and the surrounding air. Averaging these parameters over the variables related to both the volume and the surfaces of the dust speck and the EOS is correct under the natural constraints specified in the paper. The entire really significant spectrum of thermophysical parameters is covered thanks to the use of dimensionless units in the problem (including numerical results).

A thorough mathematical study of the corresponding nonlinear system of differential equations made it possible for the first time for the general case of thermophysical parameters and characteristics of the thermal effect of periodic laser radiation to find a formula for the value of the permissible radiation intensity that does not lead to the destruction of the EOS as a result of the ignition of a speck of dust deposited on the EOS. The theoretical value of the permissible intensity found in the general case in the special case of the data from the Grasse laser ranging station (south of France) almost matches that experimentally observed in the observatory.

In parallel with the solution of the main problem, we derive a formula for the power absorption coefficient of laser radiation by an EOS expressed in terms of four dimensionless parameters: the relative intensity of laser radiation, the relative illumination of the EOS, the relative heat transfer coefficient from the EOS to the surrounding air, and the relative steady-state temperature of the EOS.

The paper presents a physical and numerical analysis of the dynamics and radiation of explosion products formed during the Russian-American experiment in the ionosphere using an explosive generator based on hexogen (RDX) and trinitrotoluene (TNT). The main attention is paid to the radiation of the perturbed region and the dynamics of the products of explosion (PE). The detailed chemical composition of the explosion products is analyzed and the initial concentrations of the most important molecules capable of emitting in the infrared range of the spectrum are determined, and their radiative constants are given. The initial temperature of the explosion products and the adiabatic exponent are determined. The nature of the interpenetration of atoms and molecules of a highly rarefied ionosphere into a spherically expanding cloud of products is analyzed. An approximate mathematical model of the dynamics of explosion products under conditions of mixing rarefied ionospheric air with them has been developed and the main thermodynamic characteristics of the system have been calculated. It is shown that for a time of 0,3–3 sec there is a significant increase in the temperature of the scattering mixture as a result of its deceleration. In the problem under consideration the explosion products and the background gas are separated by a contact boundary. To solve this two-region gas dynamic problem a numerical algorithm based on the Lagrangian approach was developed. It was necessary to fulfill special conditions at the contact boundary during its movement in a stationary gas. In this case there are certain difficulties in describing the parameters of the explosion products near the contact boundary which is associated with a large difference in the size of the mass cells of the explosion products and the background due to a density difference of 13 orders of magnitude. To reduce the calculation time of this problem an irregular calculation grid was used in the area of explosion products. Calculations were performed with different adiabatic exponents. The most important result is temperature. It is in good agreement with the results obtained by the method that approximately takes into account interpenetration. The time behavior of the IR emission coefficients of active molecules in a wide range of the spectrum is obtained. This behavior is qualitatively consistent with experiments for the IR glow of flying explosion products.

The creation of a virtual laboratory stand that allows one to obtain reliable characteristics that can be proven as actual, taking into account errors and noises (which is the main distinguishing feature of a computational experiment from model studies) is one of the main problems of this work. It considers the following task: there is a rectangular waveguide in the single operating mode, on the wide wall of which a technological hole is cut, through which a sample for research is placed into the cavity of the transmission line. The recovery algorithm is as follows: the laboratory measures the network parameters (S₁₁ and/or S₂₁) in the transmission line with the sample. In the computer model of the laboratory stand, the sample geometry is reconstructed and an iterative process of optimization (or sweeping) of the electrophysical parameters is started, the mask of this process is the experimental data, and the stop criterion is the interpretive estimate of proximity (or residual). It is important to note that the developed computer model, along with its apparent simplicity, is initially ill-conditioned. To set up a computational experiment, the Comsol modeling environment is used. The results of the computational experiment with a good degree of accuracy coincided with the results of laboratory studies. Thus, experimental verification was carried out for several significant components, both the computer model in particular and the algorithm for restoring the target parameters in general. It is important to note that the computer model developed and described in this work may be effectively used for a computational experiment to restore the full dielectric parameters of a complex geometry target. Weak bianisotropy effects can also be detected, including chirality, gyrotropy, and material nonreciprocity. The resulting model is, by definition, incomplete, but its completeness is the highest of the considered options, while at the same time, the resulting model is well conditioned. Particular attention in this work is paid to the modeling of a coaxial-waveguide transition, it is shown that the use of a discrete-element approach is preferable to the direct modeling of the geometry of a microwave device.

The paper presents a computational model of the thermal state of the breast with an interstitial tumor. The model is based on the modified Pennes biothermal equation and describes a five-layered biological area including skin, subcutaneous fat, glandular and muscular tissues, as well as a neoplasm zone. Convective heat exchange with the environment is taken into account at the outer boundary, and body temperature is maintained at the internal boundary. In addition, the fabric surface is exposed to exponentially attenuating effects of spatial heating, such a heating scheme is actually based on the Bouguer – Lambert – Baer law. Tissue thermal conductivity and blood perfusion are modeled by linear functions of temperature, reflecting physiological thermoregulation. The boundary-value problem for the partial differential equation has been solved numerically using an explicit-implicit finite difference scheme; the system of algebraic equations getting after an approximation of the mentioned boundary-value problem is solved by the Thomas procedure. Numerical experiments have shown that even a small tumor increases the local temperature of tissues by half a degree due to increased metabolism and delayed blood perfusion. This anomaly is clearly manifested in tumors larger than ten millimeters. It was found that the depth of occurrence critically affects the thermal response: when the tumor is located closer to the surface, the maximum temperature shifts to the skin, whereas at a deeper position, a thermal peak forms inside the glandular tissue. The effectiveness of hyperthermic exposure was assessed by the integral criterion of thermal necrosis based on the Arrhenius law. At a radiation intensity that creates a surface thermal load of about five kilowatts per square meter and an attenuation factor of one hundred, tumor destruction begins after two to three minutes of exposure, while the surrounding healthy tissues remain within safe temperatures. Reducing the attenuation coefficient leads to the opposite effect: heat spreads deeper, and the glandular tissue is damaged first, which limits the therapeutic window. Additionally, maps of the distribution of temperature, time to necrosis, and the depth of thermal damage were constructed depending on the irradiation power, diameter, and position of the tumor.

The problem of active control of the mechanical equilibrium of an inhomogeneously heated fluid in a thermosyphon is studied theoretically and experimentally. The control is performed by using a feedback subsystem which inhibits convection by changing the orientation of thermosyphon in space. It is shown that excess feedback leads to the excitation of oscillations which are related to a delay in the controller work. In the presense of noise, the oscillations arise even when deterministic description predicts stationary behaviour. The experimental data and theory are in good agreement.

This paper is devoted to investigation of the swirl flows. Such flows are widely used in various industrial processes. Swirl flows can be accompanied by time-dependent effects, for example, precession of the vortex core. In turn, the large-scale fluctuations due to the precession of the vortex can cause damage of structures and reduce of equipment reliability. Thus, for engineering calculations approaches that sufficiently well described such flows are required. This paper presents the technique of swirl flows calculation, tested for CFD packages Fluent and SigmaFlow. A numerical simulation of several swirl flow test problems was carried out. Obtained results are compared with each other and with the experimental data.

The article covered results of three-dimensional modeling of ecologic situation of shallow water on the example of the Azov Sea with using schemes of increased order of accuracy on multiprocessor computer system of Southern Federal University. Discrete analogs of convective and diffusive transfer operators of the fourth order of accuracy in the case of partial occupancy of cells were constructed and studied. The developed scheme of the high (fourth) order of accuracy were used for solving problems of aquatic ecology and modeling spatial distribution of polluting nutrients, which caused growth of phytoplankton, many species of which are toxic and harmful. The use of schemes of the high order of accuracy are improved the quality of input data and decreased the error in solutions of model tasks of aquatic ecology. Numerical experiments were conducted for the problem of transportation of substances on the basis of the schemes of the second and fourth orders of accuracy. They’re showed that the accuracy was increased in 48.7 times for diffusion-convection problem. The mathematical algorithm was proposed and numerically implemented, which designed to restore the bottom topography of shallow water on the basis of hydrographic data (water depth at individual points or contour level). The map of bottom relief of the Azov Sea was generated with using this algorithm. It’s used to build fields of currents calculated on the basis of hydrodynamic model. The fields of water flow currents were used as input data of the aquatic ecology models. The library of double-layered iterative methods was developed for solving of nine-diagonal difference equations. It occurs in discretization of model tasks of challenges of pollutants concentration, plankton and fish on multiprocessor computer system. It improved the precision of the calculated data and gave the possibility to obtain operational forecasts of changes in ecologic situation of shallow water in short time intervals.

Study of work of heating equipment is an actual issue because it allows determining optimal regimes to reach highest efficiency. At that it is very helpful to use computer simulation to predict how different heating modes influence the effectiveness of the heating process and wear of heating equipment. Computer simulation provides results whose accuracy is proven by many studies and requires costs and time less than real experiments. In terms of present research, computer simulation of heating of air tuyere of blast furnace was realized with the help of FEM software. Background studies revealed possibility to simulate it as a flat, axisymmetric problem and DEFORM-2D software was used for simulation. Geometry, necessary for simulation, was designed with the help of SolidWorks, saved in .dxf format. Then it was exported to DEFORM-2D pre-processor and positioned. Preliminary and boundary conditions were set up. Several modes of operating regimes were under analysis. In order to demonstrate influence of eah of the modes and for better visualization point tracking option of the DEFORM-2D post-processor was applied. Influence of thermal insulation box plugged into blow channel, with and without air gap, and thermal coating on air tuyere’s temperature field was investigated. Simulation data demonstrated significant effect of thermal insulation box on air tuyere’s temperature field. Designed model allowed to simulate tuyere’s burnout as a result of interaction with liquid iron. Conducted researches have demonstrated DEFORM-2D effectiveness while using it for simulation of heat transfer and heating processes. DEFORM-2D is about to be used in further studies dedicated to more complex process connected with temperature field of blast furnace’s air tuyere.