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A set of implicit difference schemes on the five-pointwise stensil is under construction. The analysis of properties of difference schemes is carried out in a space of undetermined coefficients. The spaces were introduced for the first time by A. S. Kholodov. Usually for properties of difference schemes investigation the problem of the linear programming was constructed. The coefficient at the main term of a discrepancy was considered as the target function. The optimization task with inequalities type restrictions was considered for construction of the monotonic difference schemes. The limitation of such an approach becomes clear taking into account that approximation of the difference scheme is defined only on the classical (smooth) solutions of partial differential equations.

The functional which minimum will be found put in compliance to the difference scheme. The functional must be the linear on the difference schemes coefficients. It is possible that the functional depends on net function – the solution of a difference task or a grid projection of the differential problem solution. If the initial terms of the functional expansion in a Taylor series on grid parameters are equal to conditions of classical approximation, we will call that the functional will be the generalized condition of approximation. It is shown that such functionals exist. For the simple linear partial differential equation with constant coefficients construction of the functional is possible also for the generalized (non-smooth) solution of a differential problem.

Families of functionals both for smooth solutions of an initial differential problem and for the generalized solution are constructed. The new difference schemes based on the analysis of the functionals by linear programming methods are constructed. At the same time the research of couple of self-dual problems of the linear programming is used. The optimum monotonic difference scheme possessing the first order of approximation on the smooth solution of differential problem is found. The possibility of application of the new schemes for creation of hybrid difference methods of the raised approximation order on smooth solutions is discussed.

The example of numerical implementation of the simplest difference scheme with the generalized approximation is given.

The well-known evolutionary equation of mathematical physics, which in modern mathematical literature is called the Kuramoto – Sivashinsky equation, is considered. In this paper, this equation is studied in the original edition of the authors, where it was proposed, together with the homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions.

The question of the existence and stability of local attractors formed by spatially inhomogeneous solutions of the boundary value problem under study has been studied. This issue has become particularly relevant recently in connection with the simulation of the formation of nanostructures on the surface of semiconductors under the influence of an ion flux or laser radiation. The question of the existence and stability of second-order equilibrium states has been studied in two different ways. In the first of these, the Galerkin method was used. The second approach is based on using strictly grounded methods of the theory of dynamic systems with infinite-dimensional phase space: the method of integral manifolds, the theory of normal forms, asymptotic methods.

In the work, in general, the approach from the well-known work of D.Armbruster, D.Guckenheimer, F.Holmes is repeated, where the approach based on the application of the Galerkin method is used. The results of this analysis are substantially supplemented and developed. Using the capabilities of modern computers has helped significantly complement the analysis of this task. In particular, to find all the solutions in the fourand five-term Galerkin approximations, which for the studied boundary-value problem should be interpreted as equilibrium states of the second kind. An analysis of their stability in the sense of A. M. Lyapunov’s definition is also given.

In this paper, we compare the results obtained using the Galerkin method with the results of a bifurcation analysis of a boundary value problem based on the use of qualitative analysis methods for infinite-dimensional dynamic systems. Comparison of two variants of results showed some limited possibilities of using the Galerkin method.

We study the class of first order differential equations in partial derivatives of the Clairaut-type, which are a multidimensional generalization of the ordinary differential Clairaut equation to the case when the unknown function depends on many variables. It is known that the general solution of the Clairaut-type partial differential equation is a family of integral (hyper-) planes. In addition to the general solution, there can be particular solutions, and in some cases a special (singular) solution can be found.

The aim of the paper is to find a singular solution of the Clairaut-type equation in partial derivatives of the first order with a special right-hand side. In the paper, we formulate a criterion for the existence of a special solution of a differential equation of Clairaut type in partial derivatives for the case, when the function of the derivatives is a function of a linear combination of partial derivatives of unknown function. We obtain the singular solution for this type of differential equations with trigonometric functions of a linear combination of $n$-independent variables with arbitrary coefficients. It is shown that the task of finding a special solution is reduced to solving a system of transcendental equations containing initial trigonometric functions. The article describes the procedure for evaluation of a singular solution of Clairaut-type equation; the main idea is to find not partial derivatives of the unknown function, as functions of independent variables, but linear combinations of partial derivatives with some coefficients. This method can be used to find special solutions of Clairaut-type equations, for which this structure is preserved.

The work is organized as follows. The Introduction contains a brief review of some modern results related to the topic of the study of Clairaut-type equations. The Second part is the main one and it includes a formulation of the main task of the work and describes a method of evaluation of singular solutions for the Clairaut-type equations in partial derivatives with a special right-hand side. The main result of the work is to find singular solutions of the Clairaut-type equations containing trigonometric functions. These solutions are given in the main part of the work as an illustrating example for the method described earlier. In Conclusion, we formulate the results of the work and describe future directions of the research.

This work is dedicated to application of bicompact schemes to numerical solution of evolutionary hyperbolic equations. The main advantage of this class of schemes lies in combination of two beneficial properties: the first one is spatial approximation of high even order on a stencil that always occupies only one mesh cell; the second one is spectral resolution which is better in comparison to classic compact finite-difference schemes of the same order of spatial approximation. One feature of bicompact schemes is considered: their spatial approximation is rigidly tied to Cartesian meshes (with parallelepiped-shaped cells in three-dimensional case). This feature makes rather challenging any application of bicompact schemes to problems with complex computational domains as treated in the framework of unstructured meshes. This problem is proposed to be solved using well-known methods for treating complex-shaped boundaries and their corresponding boundary conditions on Cartesian meshes. The generalization of bicompact schemes on problems in geometrically complex domains is made in case of gas dynamics problems and Euler equations. The free boundary method is chosen as a particular tool to introduce the influence of arbitrary-shaped solid boundaries on gas flows on Cartesian meshes. A brief description of this method is given, its governing equations are written down. Bicompact schemes of fourth order of approximation in space with locally one-dimensional splitting are constructed for equations of the free boundary method. Its compensation flux is discretized with second order of accuracy. Time stepping in the obtained schemes is done with the implicit Euler method and the third order accurate $L$-stable stiffly accurate three-stage singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta method. The designed bicompact schemes are tested on three two-dimensional problems: stationary supersonic flows with Mach number three past one circular cylinder and past three circular cylinders; the non-stationary interaction of planar shock wave with a circular cylinder in a channel with planar parallel walls. The obtained results are in a good agreement with other works: influence of solid bodies on gas flows is physically correct, pressure in control points on solid surfaces is calculated with the accuracy appropriate to the chosen mesh resolution and level of numerical dissipation.

We consider a finite-dimensional optimization problem, the formulation of which in addition to the required variables contains parameters. The solution to this problem is a dependence of optimal values of variables on parameters. In general, these dependencies are not functions because they can have ambiguous meanings and in the functional case be nondifferentiable. In addition, their domain of definition may be narrower than the domains of definition of functions in the condition of the original problem. All these properties make it difficult to solve both the original parametric problem and other tasks, the statement of which includes these dependencies. To overcome these difficulties, usually methods such as non-differentiable optimization are used.

This article proposes an alternative approach that makes it possible to obtain solutions to parametric problems in a form devoid of the specified properties. It is shown that such representations can be explored using standard algorithms, based on the Taylor formula. This form is a function smoothly approximating the solution of the original problem for any parameter values, specified in its statement. In this case, the value of the approximation error is controlled by a special parameter. Construction of proposed approximations is performed using special functions that establish feedback (within optimality conditions for the original problem) between variables and Lagrange multipliers. This method is described for linear problems with subsequent generalization to the nonlinear case.

From a computational point of view the construction of the approximation consists in finding the saddle point of the modified Lagrange function of the original problem. Moreover, this modification is performed in a special way using feedback functions. It is shown that the necessary conditions for the existence of such a saddle point are similar to the conditions of the Karush – Kuhn – Tucker theorem, but do not contain constraints such as inequalities and conditions of complementary slackness. Necessary conditions for the existence of a saddle point determine this approximation implicitly. Therefore, to calculate its differential characteristics, the implicit function theorem is used. The same theorem is used to reduce the approximation error to an acceptable level.

Features of the practical implementation feedback function method, including estimates of the rate of convergence to the exact solution are demonstrated for several specific classes of parametric optimization problems. Specifically, tasks searching for the global extremum of functions of many variables and the problem of multiple extremum (maximin-minimax) are considered. Optimization problems that arise when using multicriteria mathematical models are also considered. For each of these classes, there are demo examples.

Mathematical models of many natural processes are described by partial differential equations with singular solutions. Classical numerical methods for determination of approximate solution to such problems are inefficient. In the present paper a boundary value problem for vector wave equation in L-shaped domain is considered. The presence of reentrant corner of size $3\pi/2$ on the boundary of computational domain leads to the strong singularity of the solution, i.e. it does not belong to the Sobolev space $H^1$ so classical and special numerical methods have a convergence rate less than $O(h)$. Therefore in the present paper a special weighted set of vector-functions is introduced. In this set the solution of considered boundary value problem is defined as $R_ν$-generalized one.

For numerical determination of the $R_ν$-generalized solution a weighted vector finite element method is constructed. The basic difference of this method is that the basis functions contain as a factor a special weight function in a degree depending on the properties of the solution of initial problem. This allows to significantly raise a convergence speed of approximate solution to the exact one when the mesh is refined. Moreover, introduced basis functions are solenoidal, therefore the solenoidal condition for the solution is taken into account precisely, so the spurious numerical solutions are prevented.

Results of numerical experiments are presented for series of different type model problems: some of them have a solution containing only singular component and some of them have a solution containing a singular and regular components. Results of numerical experiment showed that when a finite element mesh is refined a convergence rate of the constructed weighted vector finite element method is $O(h)$, that is more than one and a half times better in comparison with special methods developed for described problem, namely singular complement method and regularization method. Another features of constructed method are algorithmic simplicity and naturalness of the solution determination that is beneficial for numerical computations.

A hierarchical method of mathematical and computer modeling of interval-stochastic thermal processes in complex electronic systems for various purposes is developed. The developed concept of hierarchical structuring reflects both the constructive hierarchy of a complex electronic system and the hierarchy of mathematical models of heat exchange processes. Thermal processes that take into account various physical phenomena in complex electronic systems are described by systems of stochastic, unsteady, and nonlinear partial differential equations and, therefore, their computer simulation encounters considerable computational difficulties even with the use of supercomputers. The hierarchical method avoids these difficulties. The hierarchical structure of the electronic system design, in general, is characterized by five levels: Level 1 — the active elements of the ES (microcircuits, electro-radio-elements); Level 2 — electronic module; Level 3 — a panel that combines a variety of electronic modules; Level 4 — a block of panels; Level 5 — stand installed in a stationary or mobile room. The hierarchy of models and modeling of stochastic thermal processes is constructed in the reverse order of the hierarchical structure of the electronic system design, while the modeling of interval-stochastic thermal processes is carried out by obtaining equations for statistical measures. The hierarchical method developed in the article allows to take into account the principal features of thermal processes, such as the stochastic nature of thermal, electrical and design factors in the production, assembly and installation of electronic systems, stochastic scatter of operating conditions and the environment, non-linear temperature dependencies of heat exchange factors, unsteady nature of thermal processes. The equations obtained in the article for statistical measures of stochastic thermal processes are a system of 14 non-stationary nonlinear differential equations of the first order in ordinary derivatives, whose solution is easily implemented on modern computers by existing numerical methods. The results of applying the method for computer simulation of stochastic thermal processes in electron systems are considered. The hierarchical method is applied in practice for the thermal design of real electronic systems and the creation of modern competitive devices.

Verification of the physical-statistical approach within reliability theory for the simplest cases was carried out, which showed its validity. An analytical solution of the one-dimensional basic equation of the physicalstatistical approach is presented under the assumption of a stationary degradation rate. From a mathematical point of view this equation is the well-known continuity equation, where the role of density is played by the density distribution function of goods in its characteristics phase space, and the role of fluid velocity is played by intensity (rate) degradation processes. The latter connects the general formalism with the specifics of degradation mechanisms. The cases of coordinate constant, linear and quadratic degradation rates are analyzed using the characteristics method. In the first two cases, the results correspond to physical intuition. At a constant rate of degradation, the shape of the initial distribution is preserved, and the distribution itself moves equably from the zero. At a linear rate of degradation, the distribution either narrows down to a narrow peak (in the singular limit), or expands, with the maximum shifting to the periphery at an exponentially increasing rate. The distribution form is also saved up to the parameters. For the initial normal distribution, the coordinates of the largest value of the distribution maximum for its return motion are obtained analytically.

In the quadratic case, the formal solution demonstrates counterintuitive behavior. It consists in the fact that the solution is uniquely defined only on a part of an infinite half-plane, vanishes along with all derivatives on the boundary, and is ambiguous when crossing the boundary. If you continue it to another area in accordance with the analytical solution, it has a two-humped appearance, retains the amount of substance and, which is devoid of physical meaning, periodically over time. If you continue it with zero, then the conservativeness property is violated. The anomaly of the quadratic case is explained, though not strictly, by the analogy of the motion of a material point with an acceleration proportional to the square of velocity. Here we are dealing with a mathematical curiosity. Numerical calculations are given for all cases. Additionally, the entropy of the probability distribution and the reliability function are calculated, and their correlation is traced.

An essential class of problems describes physical processes occurring in non-convex domains containing a corner greater than 180 degrees on the boundary. The solution in a neighborhood of a corner is singular and its finding using classical approaches entails a loss of accuracy. In the paper, we consider stationary, linearized by Picard’s iterations, Navier – Stokes equations governing the flow of a incompressible viscous fluid in the convection form in $L$-shaped domain. An $R_\nu$-generalized solution of the problem in special sets of weighted spaces is defined. A special finite element method to find an approximate $R_\nu$-generalized solution is constructed. Firstly, functions of the finite element spaces satisfy the law of conservation of mass in the strong sense, i.e. at the grid nodes. For this purpose, Scott – Vogelius element pair is used. The fulfillment of the condition of mass conservation leads to the finding more accurate, from a physical point of view, solution. Secondly, basis functions of the finite element spaces are supplemented by weight functions. The degree of the weight function, as well as the parameter $\nu$ in the definition of an $R_\nu$-generalized solution, and a radius of a neighborhood of the singularity point are free parameters of the method. A specially selected combination of them leads to an increase almost twice in the order of convergence rate of an approximate solution to the exact one in relation to the classical approaches. The convergence rate reaches the first order by the grid step in the norms of Sobolev weight spaces. Thus, numerically shown that the convergence rate does not depend on the corner value.