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Instrument of numerical-analytical modeling of characteristics of propagation of electromagnetic waves in chaotic space plasma with taking into account effects of gravitation is developed for interpretation of data of measurements of astrophysical precision instruments of new education. The task of propagation of waves in curved (Riemann’s) space is solved in Euclid’s space by introducing of the effective index of refraction of vacuum. The gravitational potential can be calculated for various model of distribution of mass of astrophysical objects and at solution of Poisson’s equation. As a result the effective index of refraction of vacuum can be evaluated. Approximate model of the effective index of refraction is suggested with condition that various objects additively contribute in total gravitational field. Calculation of the characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the gravitational field of astrophysical objects is performed by the approximation of geometrical optics with condition that spatial scales of index of refraction a lot more wavelength. Light differential equations in Euler’s form are formed the basis of numerical-analytical instrument of modeling of trajectory characteristic of waves. Chaotic inhomogeneities of space plasma are introduced by model of spatial correlation function of index of refraction. Calculations of refraction scattering of waves are performed by the approximation of geometrical optics. Integral equations for statistic moments of lateral deviations of beams in picture plane of observer are obtained. Integrals for moments are reduced to system of ordinary differential equations the firsts order with using analytical transformations for cooperative numerical calculation of arrange and meansquare deviations of light. Results of numerical-analytical modeling of trajectory picture of propagation of electromagnetic waves in interstellar space with taking into account impact of gravitational fields of space objects and refractive scattering of waves on inhomogeneities of index of refraction of surrounding plasma are shown. Based on the results of modeling quantitative estimation of conditions of stochastic blurring of the effect of gravitational lensing of electromagnetic waves at various frequency ranges is performed. It’s shown that operating frequencies of meter range of wavelengths represent conditional low-frequency limit for observational of the effect of gravitational lensing in stochastic space plasma. The offered instrument of numerical-analytical modeling can be used for analyze of structure of electromagnetic radiation of quasar propagating through group of galactic.

The paper continues our series of papers [1-4] devoted to the development of mathematical model on rotation of F₁-AТPase molecular motor. Here it has been considered the synthesis of ATP induced by external force applied to the rotor.

The problem of active control of the mechanical equilibrium of an inhomogeneously heated fluid in a thermosyphon is studied theoretically and experimentally. The control is performed by using a feedback subsystem which inhibits convection by changing the orientation of thermosyphon in space. It is shown that excess feedback leads to the excitation of oscillations which are related to a delay in the controller work. In the presense of noise, the oscillations arise even when deterministic description predicts stationary behaviour. The experimental data and theory are in good agreement.

Simulation model of corruption in hierarchical systems which takes into account individual strategies of elements and collective behavior of large groups is proposed. Evolution of various characteristics like level of corruption or ratio of corrupted elements and their dependence on external parameters are discussed. The effectiveness of various anticorruptional strategies is examined by means of numeric analysis.

We study the stochastic dynamics of the two-dimensional Hindmarsh–Rose model in the parametrical zone of coexisting stable equilibria and limit cycles. The phenomenon of noise-induced transitions between the attractors is investigated. Under the random disturbances, equilibrium and periodic regimes combine in bursting regime: the system demonstrates an alternation of small fluctuations near the equilibrium with high amplitude oscillations. This effect is analysed using the stochastic sensitivity function technique and a method of estimation of critical values for noise intensity is proposed.

We consider “predator – prey” model taking into account the competition of prey, predator for different from the prey resources, and their interaction described by the second type Holling trophic function. An analysis of the attractors is carried out depending on the coefficient of competition of predators. In the deterministic case, this model demonstrates the complex behavior associated with the local (Andronov –Hopf and saddlenode) and global (birth of a cycle from a separatrix loop) bifurcations. An important feature of this model is the disappearance of a stable cycle due to a saddle-node bifurcation. As a result of the presence of competition in both populations, parametric zones of mono- and bistability are observed. In parametric zones of bistability the system has either coexisting two equilibria or a cycle and equilibrium. Here, we investigate the geometrical arrangement of attractors and separatrices, which is the boundary of basins of attraction. Such a study is an important component in understanding of stochastic phenomena. In this model, the combination of the nonlinearity and random perturbations leads to the appearance of new phenomena with no analogues in the deterministic case, such as noise-induced transitions through the separatrix, stochastic excitability, and generation of mixed-mode oscillations. For the parametric study of these phenomena, we use the stochastic sensitivity function technique and the confidence domain method. In the bistability zones, we study the deformations of the equilibrium or oscillation regimes under stochastic perturbation. The geometric criterion for the occurrence of such qualitative changes is the intersection of confidence domains and the separatrix of the deterministic model. In the zone of monostability, we evolve the phenomena of explosive change in the size of population as well as extinction of one or both populations with minor changes in external conditions. With the help of the confidence domains method, we solve the problem of estimating the proximity of a stochastic population to dangerous boundaries, upon reaching which the coexistence of populations is destroyed and their extinction is observed.

In the paper three characteristic scales of a biological system are proposed: microscopic (gene's size), mesoscopic (cell’s size) and macroscopic level (organism’s size). For each case the approach to modeling of circadian rhythms is discussed on the base of a time-delay model. At gene’s scale the stochastic description has been used. The robustness of rhythms mechanism to the fluctuations has been demonstrated. At the mesoscopic scale we propose the deterministic description within the spatially extended model. It was found the effect of collective synchronization of rhythms in cells. Macroscopic effects have been studied within the discrete model describing the collective behaviour of large amount of cells. The problem of cross-linking of results obtained at different scales is discussed. The comparison with experimental data is given.

The collective behavior of crowd leaving a room is modeled. The model is based on molecular dynamics approach with a mixture of socio-psychological and physical forces. The new algorithm for complicatedly branched space is proposed. It suggests that each individual develops its own plan of escape, which is stochastically transformed during the evolution. The algorithm includes also the separation of original space into rooms with possible exits selected by individuals according to their probability distribution. The model is calibrated on the base of empirical data provided by fire case in the nightclub “Lame Horse” (Perm, 2009). The algorithm is realized as an end-user Java software. It is assumed that this tool could help to test the buildings for their safety for humans.

In the present article we explore the process of changing the level of approval of a political leader under the influence of the processes taking place in online platforms (social networks, forums, etc.). The driver of these changes is the interaction of users, through which they can exchange opinions with each other and formulate their position in relation to the political leader. In addition to interpersonal interaction, we will consider such factors as the information impact, expressed in the creation of an information flow with a given power and polarity (positive or negative, in the context of influencing the image of a political leader), as well as the presence of a group of agents (opinion leaders), supporting the leader, or, conversely, negatively affecting its representation in the media space.

The mathematical basis of the presented research is the Kirman model, which has its roots in biology and initially found its application in economics. Within the framework of this model it is considered that each user is in one of the two possible states, and a Markov jump process describing transitions between these states is given. For the problem under consideration, these states are 0 or 1, depending on whether a particular agent is a supporter of a political leader or not. For further research, we find its diffusional approximation, known as the Jacoby process. With the help of spectral decomposition for the infinitesimal operator of this process we have an opportunity to find an analytical representation for the transition probability density.

Analyzing the probabilities obtained in this way, we can assess the influence of individual factors of the model: the power and direction of the information flow, available to online users and relevant to the tasks of rating formation, as well as the number of supporters or opponents of the politician. Next, using the found eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, we derive expressions for the evaluation of conditional mathematical expectations of a politician’s rating, which can serve as a basis for building forecasts that are important for the formation of a strategy of representing a political leader in the online environment.

This article discusses the influence of the shadow, informal and household sectors on the dynamics of a stochastic model with heterogeneous (heterogeneous) agents. The study uses the integration of the general equilibrium approach to explain the behavior of demand, supply and prices in an economy with several interacting markets, and a multi-agent approach. The analyzed model describes an economy with aggregated uncertainty and with an infinite number of heterogeneous agents (households). The source of heterogeneity is the idiosyncratic income shocks of agents in the legal and shadow sectors of the economy. In the analysis, an algorithm is used to approximate the dynamics of the distribution function of the capital stocks of individual agents — the dynamics of its first and second moments. The synthesis of the agent approach and the general equilibrium approach is carried out using computer implementation of the recursive feedback between microagents and macroenvironment. The behavior of the impulse response functions of the main variables of the model confirms the positive influence of the shadow economy (below a certain limit) on minimizing the rate of decline in economic indicators during recessions, especially for developing economies. The scientific novelty of the study is the combination of a multi-agent approach and a general equilibrium approach for modeling macroeconomic processes at the regional and national levels. Further research prospects may be associated with the use of more detailed general equilibrium models, which allow, in particular, to describe the behavior of heterogeneous groups of agents in the entrepreneurial sector of the economy.