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We consider one of the problems of transport modelling — searching the equilibrium distribution of traffic flows in the network. We use the classic Beckman’s model to describe time costs and flow distribution in the network represented by directed graph. Meanwhile agents’ behavior is not completely rational, what is described by the introduction of Markov logit dynamics: any driver selects a route randomly according to the Gibbs’ distribution taking into account current time costs on the edges of the graph. Thus, the problem is reduced to searching of the stationary distribution for this dynamics which is a stochastic Nash – Wardrope equilibrium in the corresponding population congestion game in the transport network. Since the game is potential, this problem is equivalent to the problem of minimization of some functional over flows distribution. The stochasticity is reflected in the appearance of the entropy regularization, in contrast to non-stochastic case. The dual problem is constructed to obtain a solution of the optimization problem. The universal primal-dual gradient method is applied. A major specificity of this method lies in an adaptive adjustment to the local smoothness of the problem, what is most important in case of the complex structure of the objective function and an inability to obtain a prior smoothness bound with acceptable accuracy. Such a situation occurs in the considered problem since the properties of the function strongly depend on the transport graph, on which we do not impose strong restrictions. The article describes the algorithm including the numerical differentiation for calculation of the objective function value and gradient. In addition, the paper represents a theoretical estimate of time complexity of the algorithm and the results of numerical experiments conducted on a small American town.

We consider an application of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) technology for parallelization of the program code which solves equation of the linear elasticity theory. The solution of this equation describes the propagation of elastic waves in demormable rigid bodies. The solution of such direct problem of seismic wave propagation is of interest in seismics and geophysics. Our implementation of solver uses grid-characteristic method to make simulations. We consider technique to reduce time of communication between MPI processes during the simulation. This is important when it is necessary to conduct modeling in complex problem formulations, and still maintain the high level of parallelism effectiveness, even when thousands of processes are used. A solution of the problem of effective communication is extremely important when several computational grids with arbirtrary geometry of contacts between them are used in the calculation. The complexity of this task increases if an independent distribution of the grid nodes between processes is allowed. In this paper, a generalized approach is developed for processing contact conditions in terms of nodes reinterpolation from a given section of one grid to a certain area of the second grid. An efficient way of parallelization and establishing effective interprocess communications is proposed. For provided example problems we provide wave fileds and seismograms for both 2D and 3D formulations. It is shown that the algorithm can be realized both on Cartesian and on structured (curvilinear) computational grids. The considered statements demonstrate the possibility of carrying out calculations taking into account the surface topographies and curvilinear geometry of curvilinear contacts between the geological layers. Application of curvilinear grids allows to obtain more accurate results than when calculating only using Cartesian grids. The resulting parallelization efficiency is almost 100% up to 4096 processes (we used 128 processes as a basis to find efficiency). With number of processes larger than 4096, an expected gradual decrease in efficiency is observed. The rate of decline is not great, so at 16384 processes the parallelization efficiency remains at 80%.

In the framework of modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics (macroscopic approach of description and mathematical modeling of the dynamics of real physical and chemical processes), the authors developed a potential- flow method for describing and mathematical modeling of real physical and chemical processes applicable in the general case of real macroscopic physicochemical systems. In accordance with the potential-flow method, the description and mathematical modeling of these processes consists in determining through the interaction potentials of the thermodynamic forces driving these processes and the kinetic matrix determined by the kinetic properties of the system in question, which in turn determine the dynamics of the course of physicochemical processes in this system under the influence of the thermodynamic forces in it. Knowing the thermodynamic forces and the kinetic matrix of the system, the rates of the flow of physicochemical processes in the system are determined, and according to these conservation laws the rates of change of its state coordinates are determined. It turns out in this way a closed system of equations of physical and chemical processes in the system. Knowing the interaction potentials in the system, the kinetic matrices of its simple subsystems (individual processes that are conjugate to each other and not conjugate with other processes), the coefficients entering into the conservation laws, the initial state of the system under consideration, external flows into the system, one can obtain a complete dynamics of physicochemical processes in the system. However, in the case of a complex physico-chemical system in which a large number of physicochemical processes take place, the dimension of the system of equations for these processes becomes appropriate. Hence, the problem arises of automating the formation of the described system of equations of the dynamics of physical and chemical processes in the system under consideration. In this article, we develop a library of software data types that implement a user-defined physicochemical system at the level of its design scheme (coordinates of the state of the system, energy degrees of freedom, physico-chemical processes, flowing, external flows and the relationship between these listed components) and algorithms references in these types of data, as well as calculation of the described system parameters. This library includes both program types of the calculation scheme of the user-defined physicochemical system, and program data types of the components of this design scheme (coordinates of the system state, energy degrees of freedom, physicochemical processes, flowing, external flows). The relationship between these components is carried out by reference (index) addressing. This significantly speeds up the calculation of the system characteristics, because faster access to data.

Traditional geological search methods going to be ineffective. The exploration depth of kimberlite bodies and ore deposits has increased significantly. The only direct exploration method is to drill a system of wells to the depths that provide access to the enclosing rocks. Due to the high cost of drilling, the role of inter-well survey methods has increased. They allows to increase the mean well spacing without significantly reducing the kimberlite or ore body missing probability. The method of inter-well radio wave survey is effective to search for high contrast conductivity objects. The physics of the method based on the dependence of the electromagnetic wave propagation on the propagation medium conductivity. The source and receiver of electromagnetic radiation is an electric dipole, they are placed in adjacent wells. The distance between the source and receiver is known. Therefore we could estimate the medium absorption coefficient by the rate of radio wave amplitude decrease. Low electrical resistance rocks corresponds to high absorption of radio waves. The inter-well measurement data allows to estimate an effective electrical resistance (or conductivity) of the rock. Typically, the source and receiver are immersed in adjacent wells synchronously. The value of the of the electric field amplitude measured at the receiver site allows to estimate the average value of the attenuation coefficient on the line connecting the source and receiver. The measurements are taken during stops, approximately every 5 m. The distance between stops is much less than the distance between adjacent wells. This leads to significant spatial anisotropy in the measured data distribution. Drill grid covers a large area, and our point is to build a three-dimensional model of the distribution of the electrical properties of the inter-well space throughout the whole area. The anisotropy of spatial distribution makes hard to the use of standard geostatistics approach. To build a three-dimensional model of attenuation coefficient, we used one of machine learning theory methods, the method of nearest neighbors. In this method, the value of the absorption coefficient at a given point is calculated by $k$ nearest measurements. The number $k$ should be determined from additional reasons. The spatial distribution anisotropy effect can be reduced by changing the spatial scale in the horizontal direction. The scale factor $\lambda$ is one yet external parameter of the problem. To select the parameters $k$ and $\lambda$ values we used the determination coefficient. To demonstrate the absorption coefficient three-dimensional image construction we apply the procedure to the inter-well radio wave survey data. The data was obtained at one of the sites in Yakutia.

The mathematical model, finite-difference schemes and algorithms for computation of transient thermoand hydrodynamic processes involved in commissioning the unified system including the oil producing well, electrical submersible pump and fractured-porous reservoir with bottom water are developed. These models are implemented in the computer package to simulate transient processes with simultaneous visualization of their results along with computations. An important feature of the package Oil-RWP is its interaction with the special external program GCS which simulates the work of the surface electric control station and data exchange between these two programs. The package Oil-RWP sends telemetry data and current parameters of the operating submersible unit to the program module GCS (direct coupling). The station controller analyzes incoming data and generates the required control parameters for the submersible pump. These parameters are sent to Oil-RWP (feedback). Such an approach allows us to consider the developed software as the “Intellectual Well System”.

Some principal results of the simulations can be briefly presented as follows. The transient time between inaction and quasi-steady operation of the producing well depends on the well stream watering, filtration and capacitive parameters of oil reservoir, physical-chemical properties of phases and technical characteristics of the submersible unit. For the large time solution of the nonstationary equations governing the nonsteady processes is practically identical to the inverse quasi-stationary problem solution with the same initial data. The developed software package is an effective tool for analysis, forecast and optimization of the exploiting parameters of the unified oil-producing complex during its commissioning into the operating regime.

Certifying a transport airplane for the flights under icing conditions requires calculations aimed at definition of the dimensions and shapes of the ice bodies formed on the airplane surfaces. Up to date, software developed in Russia for simulation of ice accretion, which would be authorized by Russian certifying supervisory authority, is absent. This paper describes methodology IceVision recently developed in Russia on the basis of software FlowVision for calculations of ice accretion on airplane surfaces.

The main difference of methodology IceVision from the other approaches, known from literature, consists in using technology Volume Of Fluid (VOF — volume of fluid in cell) for tracking the surface of growing ice body. The methodology assumes solving a time-depended problem of continuous grows of ice body in the Euler formulation. The ice is explicitly present in the computational domain. The energy equation is integrated inside the ice body. In the other approaches, changing the ice shape is taken into account by means of modifying the aerodynamic surface and using Lagrangian mesh. In doing so, the heat transfer into ice is allowed for by an empirical model.

The implemented mathematical model provides capability to simulate formation of rime (dry) and glaze (wet) ice. It automatically identifies zones of rime and glaze ice. In a rime (dry) ice zone, the temperature of the contact surface between air and ice is calculated with account of ice sublimation and heat conduction inside the ice. In a glaze (wet) ice zone, the flow of the water film over the ice surface is allowed for. The film freezes due to evaporation and heat transfer inside the air and the ice. Methodology IceVision allows for separation of the film. For simulation of the two-phase flow of the air and droplets, a multi-speed model is used within the Euler approach. Methodology IceVision allows for size distribution of droplets. The computational algorithm takes account of essentially different time scales for the physical processes proceeding in the course of ice accretion, viz., air-droplets flow, water flow, and ice growth. Numerical solutions of validation test problems demonstrate efficiency of methodology IceVision and reliability of FlowVision results.

Carpooling has gained considerable importance as an effective solution for reducing pollution, mitigation of traffic and congestion on the roads, reduced demand for parking facilities, lesser energy and fuel consumption and most importantly, reduction in carbon emission, thus improving the quality of life in cities. This work presents a hybrid GA-A* algorithm to obtain optimal routes for the carpooling problem in the domain of multiobjective optimization having multiple conflicting objectives. Though the Genetic Algorithm provides optimal solutions, the A* algorithm because of its efficiency in providing the shortest route between any two points based on heuristics, enhances the optimal routes obtained using the Genetic algorithm. The refined routes obtained using the GA-A* algorithm, are further subjected to dominance test to obtain non-dominating solutions based on Pareto-Optimality. The routes obtained maximize the profit of the service provider by minimizing the travel and detour distance as well as pick-up/drop costs while maximizing the utilization of the car. The proposed algorithm has been implemented over the Salt Lake area of Kolkata. Route distance and detour distance for the optimal routes obtained using the proposed algorithm are consistently lesser for the same number of passengers when compared to the corresponding results obtained from an existing algorithm. Various statistical analysis like boxplots have also confirmed that the proposed algorithm regularly performed better than the existing algorithm using only Genetic Algorithm.

Image denoising is one of the fundamental problems in digital image processing. This problem usually refers to the reconstruction of an image from an observed image degraded by noise. There are many factors that cause this degradation such as transceiver equipment, or environmental influences, etc. In order to obtain higher quality images, many methods have been proposed for image denoising problem. Most image denoising method are based on total variation (TV) regularization to develop efficient algorithms for solving the related optimization problem. TV-based models have become a standard technique in image restoration with the ability to preserve image sharpness.

In this paper, we focus on Poisson noise usually appearing in photon-counting devices. We propose an effective regularization model based on combination of first-order and fractional-order total variation for image reconstruction corrupted by Poisson noise. The proposed model allows us to eliminate noise while edge preserving. An efficient alternating minimization algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, provided numerical results show that our proposed model can preserve more details and get higher image visual quality than recent state-of-the-art methods.

The equilibrium configurations of charged electrons, confined in the hard disk potential, are analysed by means of the hybrid numerical algorithm. The algorithm is based on the interpolation formulas, that are obtained from the analysis of the equilibrium configurations, provided by the variational principle developed in the circular model. The solution of the nonlinear equations of the circular model yields the formation of the shell structure which is composed of the series of rings. Each ring contains a certain number of particles, which decreases as one moves from the boundary ring to the central one. The number of rings depends on the total number of electrons. The interpolation formulas provide the initial configurations for the molecular dynamics calculations. This approach makes it possible to significantly increase the speed at which an equilibrium configuration is reached for an arbitrarily chosen number of particles compared to the Metropolis annealing simulation algorithm and other algorithms based on global optimization methods.

The paper is devoted to the study of wave and relaxation effects during the pulsed outflow of a gas mixture with a high content of solid particles from a cylindrical channel during its initial partial filling. The problem is formulated in a two-speed two-temperature formulation and was solved numerically by the hybrid large-particle method of the second order of approximation. The numerical algorithm is implemented in the form of parallel computing using basic Free Pascal language tools. The applicability and accuracy of the method for wave flows of concentrated gas-particles mixtures is confirmed by comparison with test asymptotically accurate solutions. The calculation error on a grid of low detail in the characteristic flow zones of a two-phase medium was 10^-6 . . . 10^-5.

Based on the wave diagram, the analysis of the physical pattern of the outflow of a gas suspension partially filling a cylindrical channel is performed. It is established that, depending on the degree of initial filling of the channel, various outflow modes are formed. The first mode is implemented with a small degree of loading of the high-pressure chamber, at which the left boundary of the gas-particles mixture crosses the outlet section before the arrival of the rarefaction wave reflected from the bottom of the channel. At the same time, the maximum value of the mass flow rate of the mixture is achieved. Other modes are formed in cases of a larger initial filling of the channel, when the rarefaction waves reflected from the bottom of the channel interact with the gas suspension layer and reduce the intensity of its outflow.

The influence of relaxation properties with changing particle size on the dynamics of a limited layer of a gas-dispersed medium is studied. Comparison of the outflow of a limited gas suspension layer with different particle sizes shows that for small particles (the Stokes number is less than 0.001), an anomalous phenomenon of the simultaneous existence of shock wave structures in the supersonic and subsonic flow of gas and suspension is observed. With an increase in the size of dispersed inclusions, the compaction jumps in the region of the two-phase mixture are smoothed out, and for particles (the Stokes number is greater than 0.1), they practically disappear. At the same time, the shock-wave configuration of the supersonic gas flow at the outlet of the channel is preserved, and the positions and boundaries of the energy-carrying volumes of the gas suspension are close when the particle sizes change.